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Phenolic acids of walnut (Juglans regia L.)

100%
Chrzanowski G., Leszczynski B., Czerniewicz P., Sytykiewicz H., Matok H., Krzyzanowski R.
Herba Polonica
|
2011
|
tom 57
|
nr 2
The chromatographic separations showed the presence of eleven free phenolic acids (trans-cinnamic, o-coumaric, p-coumaric, chlorogenic, ferulic, gallic, caffeic, p-hydroxybenzoic, syringic, tannic and vanillic) in the walnut tissues. The p-hydroxybenzoic acid was a predominant compound in the green husks (618.8 µg·g-1), though, high content of it was found in leaves obtained in July (478.3 µg·g-1). The content of chlorogenic acid in green husks of walnut (306.7 µg·g-1) was twice higher than that in the leaves obtained in July. Similar level of coumaric acids was determined in the leaves and green husks (o-coumaric: 42.4–48.2 µg·g-1; p-coumaric: 78.6–94.3 µg·g-1), though, o-coumaric acid was not found in May-leaves. Moreover, leaves of walnut possessed high content of caffeic acid (leaves obtained in May – 456.9; leaves obtained in July – 262.1 µg·g-1) and ferulic acid (leaves obtained in May – 93.5; leaves obtained in July – 292.5 µg·g-1). The predominant compound of the male inflorescences was vanillic acid (359.5 µg·g-1). The green husks of walnut were rich in polyphenolic acids, syringic (427.0 µg·g-1) and tannic (237.4 µg·g-1). However, the content of tannic acid was higher in the leaves - especially in leaves collected in May (350.7 µg·g-1). In tested tissues of walnut, gallic acid was found in the lowest concentration (male inflorescences – 32.7 µg·g-1and leaves obtained in July – 12.7 µg·g-1). In general, there was a great variation in a level of the phenolic acids between the studied organs of the walnut; nevertheless, walnut tissues are precious source of phenolic acids.
2

Phenolic acids in leaves of three Silphium L. species - short communication

100%
Kowalski R., Wiercinski J.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
|
2003
|
tom 12/53
|
nr 1
Qualitative and quantitative analyses of phenolic acids fraction (free and released after acidic and basic hydrolysis) in leaves of three Silphium species (Silphium perfoliatum L., Silphium trifoliatum L., Silphium integrifolium Michx.) were performed in the presented paper. Analyses were carried out applying HPLC technique in reversed phase system using liquid Chromatograph of LaChrom-Merck type equipped with DAD detector. Presence of caffeic, p-coumaric, protocatechuic and p-hydroxybenzoic acids was found in the leaves of the three species studied. Moreover, Silphium trifoliatum and Silphium integrifolium leaves contained ferulic acid, and vanillic acid was present in the leaves of Silphium perfoliatum and Silphium integrifolium; Silphium trifoliatum leaves contained salicylic acid. Studies point out that the leaves of Silphium integrifolium contained the highest concentrations of phenolic acids (about 41 mg/100 g DM) with dominant protocatechuic acid (about 29 mg/100 g DM). Leaves of other species contained about 21 mg of the compounds studied with the highest share of caffeic acid (about 13 mg/100 g DM). Moreover, it was found that phenolic acids released after basic hydrolysis had the highest share in total sum of phenolic acids in raw material. The lowest share was shown by phenolic acids released after acidic hydrolysis.
3

Evaluation of phenolic acid content in Silphium perfoliatum L. leaves, inflorescences and rhizomes

67%
Kowalski R., Wolski T.
Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Horticulture
|
2003
|
tom 06
|
nr 1
4

Effect of isomers of hydroxybenzoic acid on the growth and metabolism of Chlorella vulgaris Beijerinck [Chlorophyceae]

67%
Czerpak R., Bajguz A., Piotrowska A., Polecka M.
Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae
|
2001
|
tom 70
|
nr 4
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