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We performed measurements in 16 houses (12 concrete-slab houses and 4 brick houses) and within each house we performed measurements in one or more rooms from cellar to 4th floor. In total, the study includes 279 indoor radon measurements. The method of alpha track detectors was used in this investigation. The measurements were performed in housing of the same construction of concrete slabs in one part of Białystok. Approximately 12 million people in Poland live in such concrete slab buildings. It was observed that mean radon concentrations in brick houses were higher (by 24%) than in concrete slab buildings situated in the same housing estate. The results for the Green Hills housing estate are believed to be representative for all concrete slab buildings in northeastern Poland.
Bacterial endotoxin, fungal (1--->3)-ß-D-glucans, and extracellular polysaccharides from Aspergillus and Penicillium (EPS-Asp/Pen) have been suggested to be stable markers of microbial exposure. This paper describes a pilot study in which we measured endotoxin, (1--->3)-ß-D-glucans, EPS-Asp/Pen and mite allergen in house dust collected in 32 homes in Wellington, New Zealand. Endotoxin (GM 60,295 EU/g; GSD 2.4) and glucan (GM 2,687 µg/g; GSD 1.5) levels were higher in comparison to previous international studies, whereas EPS-Asp/Pen levels (37,347 Units/g; GSD 1.9) appeared comparable. Concentrations expressed per square meter were highly correlated among the measured components (p<0.05). When expressed per gram of dust only (1--->3)-ß-D-glucans and EPS-Asp/Pen were correlated (r=0.55, p<0.01; n=32). Endotoxin and glucan levels were higher (borderline statistically significant; p<0.10) in homes with self-reported water damage. A positive association (p<0.10) was also found for dust mite and a combination of self-reported mould, dampness and water damage. EPS levels were higher in homes where residents indicated the presence of mould spots on the wall, but this did not reach statistical significance. In conclusion, levels of microbial contaminants in a small random sample of New Zealand homes were high and weakly associated with water damage.
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Considering the growing importance of energy-efficient building methods timber construction will play an increasingly important role in the future. Today wooden buildings in Slovenia represent just a small percentage of all domestic buildings constructed. Currently the growing trend towards wooden pre-fabricated houses is positive. This study is focused on the reasons pertaining to wooden building and the possibilities of increasing the use of timber in Slovenia. Issues like public attitude towards wooden buildings and its advantages were examined by means of Slovenian public opinion survey. The survey revealed the lack of knowledge about wooden buildings and the lack of environmental awareness. The positive trend towards wooden construction is dictated by international guidelines, where wooden building is an important starting point not only for low-energy, but also low-emission building with exceptional health and safety features. Renewable building materials should already be integrated into the early phases of building planning. It is expected that in the next years there will be a shortage of detached houses in Slovenia, hence an increase in the marked share of wood construction is predicted and there is an increasing need for renovation which is one of the most extensive tasks we will face in the coming years. So as to further enhance the interest in wooden buildings a specialized portal devoted to wood building in Slovenia has been established
W artykule przedstawiono główne zalecenia w projektowaniu niskoenergochłonnych domów wiejskich, uwzględniające rozwiązania architektoniczne. Zwrócono uwagę na kształtowanie ich elementów funkcjonalno-przestrzennych, takich jak: bryła, w tym forma przestrzenna dachu, układ pomieszczeń i powiązań funkcjonalnych, elementy struktury budynku z wykorzystaniem właściwości gruntu jako izolatora i akumulatora ciepła oraz usytuowanie domu na działce wraz z zagospodarowaniem jego otoczenia.
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Rural houses heating costs

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Average full (including capital, operation and maintenance costs) annual heating costs in a standard family house with 180 m2 of floor surface are compared for various heating systems under the Polish economic conditions. The compared heating technologies comprise water to water and ground loop heat pumps with both vertical and horizontal loops, a liquid gas combustion furnace, an earth gas combustion furnace, a coal combustion furnace, a straw combustion furnace, a wood combustion furnace and an electric stove. A sensitivity analysis with regard to the interest rate and the value of owner’s work did not change the general conclusion that in most cases heat pumps were the cheapest, while oil and coal burning furnaces or an electric boiler the most expensive solutions. The cost of own labour was decisive for the appraisal of labour intensive systems.
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