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A total of 50 samples of poultry feed mixtures of Slovak origin were analysed for fumonisin B1 and B2 (FB1, FB2) and moniliformin (MON) using SAX-clean up procedure being detected by high pressure liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) and diode array detection (HPLC-DAD), respectively. The samples were also simultaneously investigated for Fusarium species occurrence, and for the capability of Fusarium isolates recovered to produce FB1 and MON in vitro. FB1 was detected in 49 samples (98%) in concentrations ranging from 43 to 798 µg.kg-1, and FB2 in 42 samples (84%) in concentrations ranging from 26 to 362 µg.kg-1. MON was detected in 26 samples (52%) in concentrations that ranged from 42 to 1,214 µg.kg-1. Only two Fusarium populations were encountered, namely F. proliferatum and F. subglutinans, of which the former was the most dominant and frequent. All 86 F. proliferatum isolates tested for FB1-production ability proved to be producers of the toxin although none of them produced MON. On the contrary, MON production was observed in a half out of 16 F. subglutinans isolates tested, yet no FB1 production was detected in this case. Despite the limited number of samples investigated during this study, it is obvious that poultry feed mixtures may represent a risk from a toxicological point of view and should be regarded as a potential source of the Fusarium mycotoxins in central Europe. This is the first reported study dealing with fumonisin and moniliformin contamination of poultry feeds from Slovakia.
The Langmuir monolayer technique and voltammetric analysis were used to investigate the properties of model lipid membranes prepared from dioleoylphosphatidylcholine (DOPC), hexadecaprenol (C80), and their mixtures. Surface pressure- molecular area isotherms, current-voltage characteristics, and membrane conductance-temperature were measured. Molecular area isobars, specific molecular areas, excess free energy of mixing, collapse pressure and collapse area were determined for lipid monolayers. Membrane conductance, activation energy of ion migration across the membrane, and membrane permeability coefficient for chloride ions were determined for lipid bilayers. Hexadecaprenol decreases the activation energy and increases membrane conductance and membrane permeability coefficient. The results of monolayer and bilayer investigations show that some electrical, transport and packing properties of lipid membranes change under the influence of hexadecaprenol. The results indicate that hexadecaprenol modulates the molecular organisation of the membrane and that the specific molecular area of polyprenol molecules depends on the relative concentration of polyprenols in membranes. We suggest that hexadecaprenol modifies lipid membranes by the formation of fluid microdomains. The results also indicate that electrical transmembrane potential can accelerate the formation of pores in lipid bilayers modified by long chain polyprenols.
Adoptowano metodę oznaczania środków słodzących - acesulfamu K i aspartamu w niskokalorycznych, owocowo-warzywnych sokach przecierowych. Próbki badanych przetworów odbiałczano roztworami Carreza i po przesączeniu analizowano za pomocą techniki chromatografii cieczowej wysokociśnieniowej (HPLC) w fazach odwróconych.
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