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The present study was carried out to find out the changes induced by one of the stress conditions such as acidic medium exposure on some haematological and blood biochemical, parameters in the fresh water fish, Notopterus notopterus. Increase in the haemoglobin and haematocrite indicate haemoconcentration in the fish blood. Glucose, alkaline phosphatase, sodium and calcium, protein, BUN, creatinine, triglycerides, enzymes such as SGOT and SGPT were decreased in the fish N.notopterus exposed to acidic condition. The changes in the environmental factors such as acidic condition cause stress to the fish which may bring disturbance in the blood parameters effecting the survival of fish.
The aim of the study was to investigate the suitability of detomidine-midazolam-ketamine combination for umbilical surgery in calves. Fifteen calves subjected to umbilical surgery received detomidine (100 pg/kg b.w.), midazolam (0.5 mg/kg b.w.), and ketamine (10 mg/kg b.w.) intravenously (iv), as a mixture of the drugs. Rectal temperature, and heart, pulse, and respiratory rate were recorded before drug administration and at 5, 10, 15, 30, and 45 min after anaesthesia. Haematological and biochemical parameters were detected before drug administration, 15, 30, 45, and 60 min after drug injection and 24 h after anaesthesia. The combination of the compounds resulted in anaesthesia lasting about 45 min and a satisfactory immobilisation for umbilical surgery, although some hypoxaemia and respiratory acidosis occurred. The body temperature of the calves decreased significantly (P<0.05) during the anaesthesia from 38.5°C to 37.9°C. Haemoglobin, PCV, and RBC decreased significantly (P<0.05) for a short time. The values for plasma glucose, creatinine, and ALT increased significantly (P<0.05). However, they returned to the baseline at 24 h. Muscle relaxation was good and no complications were encountered.
Background. Dietary carbohydrate use is a priority in aquaculture because of its low cost and high availability, especially for herbivorous and omnivorous fish. Gelatinization is a process that improves carbohydrate use. However, excess dietary carbohydrate may cause metabolic stress and cellular changes as fish inherently use low carbohydrate. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of three sources of gelatinized carbohydrate (GC) on haematology and hepatic structure of Catla catla fingerlings. Materials and Methods. Six isocaloric (17.1–17.5 kJ ∙ g–1) semi-purified diets were prepared from rice, corn, or tapioca, each at 40 or 50% GC. Crude protein (CP) level was fixed at 35 and 25% for the low GC (40%) and high GC (50%) levels, respectively. Ninety Catla catla fingerlings were distributed in 6 treatments, each with three replicates, for a 60-day feeding trial. At termination, blood haemoglobin, RBC, WBC, and liver histology were studied. Results. Significant differences (P < 0.01) in haemoglobin, RBC, and WBC were observed among the different carbohydrate-fed groups at 40% GC level. With increased dietary GC level, hepatocyte hypertrophy and vacuolation was intensified. Maximum hypertrophy was noticed in the fish fed tapioca at 50% GC, with extensive cytoplasmic vacuolation. No mortality was found in any group at any GC level. Conclusion. No mortality of Catla catla fingerlings was observed due to feeding of high GC levels from corn, rice, or tapioca. However, hepatocyte hypertrophy was observed. Long-term feeding beyond 60 days may cause adverse hepatic cellular changes, but needs further research.
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