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1

Effects of chitosan on selected production characteristics and hatching success of the Pharaoh quail

100%
Tarasewicz Z., Balicka-Ramisz A., Szczerbinska D., Danczak A., Ramisz A., Pilarczyk B.
Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Animal Husbandry
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2003
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tom 06
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nr 2
Chitosan is the simplest form of chitin, found in carapaces of crabs, prawns, and krill. Due to its chemical and physical properties and biological activity, chitosan is widely applied in, i.a., medicine, animal care, and agriculture. Chitosan effects on poultry health and production have been studied to a limited degree only. The present study was thus aimed at elucidating chitosan effects on the utility and reproduction-related characteristics of quail. The experiment involved the quail aged 5 weeks which were divided into two groups, each consisting of 36 females and 12 males. The birds belonging to Group I (control) were fed a standard feed mix for laying quail, while the feed offered to Group II (experimental) was enriched with 5.2 ml chitosan added to 1.2 kg feed. Compared to the control, the experimental quail showed a lower daily feed consumption, lower number of eggs laid, and a higher feed consumption per egg.
2

Food supply and external cues limit the clutch size and hatchability in the White Stork Ciconia ciconia

80%
Djerdali S., Tortosa F. S., Hillstrom L., Doumandji S.
Acta Ornithologica
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2008
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tom 43
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nr 2
145-150
Clutch size is an important life history trait, and factors such as nest predation and food availability can both be of crucial importance for its variation in nature. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of extra food on clutch size, laying date and hatching success in the White Stork. Three different colonies of White Storks were studied in northern Algeria over a three-year period (2002-2004) that was characterised by considerable variation in both food availability and precipitation. This study demonstrated that an extra food supply during the pre-laying period had a positive effect on clutch size — nests with extra food had larger clutches. There was also an advance in laying date and a greater hatching success in nests with access to extra food. In addition to food supply, clutch size was independently affected by the year, which could have been due to differences in rainfall. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that extra food during the incubation period could help the parent birds resolve the conflict between incubation behaviour and minimizing the time off the nest, i.e. increasing nest attentiveness in nests with extra food and enhancing hatching success.
3

Reproductive parameters of Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans Pallas, 1811 in different habitats nearby and away fish ponds

80%
Gwiazda R., Neubauer G., Betleja J., Bednarz L., Zagalska-Neubauer M.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2015
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tom 63
|
nr 1
Reproductive performance of gulls depends on a variety of factors, but food abundance and its availability are among the most important. Clutch and egg sizes in gulls are found to be strongly influenced by food availability, thus better reproductive performance in the colony with greater fish availability (near fish ponds) was expected in that study. We compared the reproductive traits (clutch size, volume of eggs in the full clutch, relative volume of the C-egg (the third egg in gull's clutches) and hatching success) of Caspian Gull Larus cachinnans in five inland colonies in Poland located at a gravel pit, a lake, a river and two dam reservoirs. Differences in the clutch size between sites were found, with the lowest at a lake. We found similar clutch volume in all studied colonies. C-eggs were slightly smaller than A- and B- eggs, in all colonies and all study years, but the relative volume of C-egg in colonies located near fish ponds (<10 km) was significantly greater compared to colonies located far away. This may be explained by high fish availability in fishponds in comparison to other habitats. However hatching success (the ratio of the number of hatched chick to the number of eggs laid) was highest in the colony at the lake. This indicates that both inland habitats a gravel pit and a lake offered good food conditions for large gulls when fish ponds are nearby.
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