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Sex differences in preening behaviour in the White Stork Ciconia ciconia

100%

Zolnierowicz K. M., Nyklova-Ondrova M., Tobolka M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 3

Preening is a type of feather maintenance behaviour in birds, that fulfils an important role in grooming. Preening may also be important for signalling quality of mates. Therefore we hypothesized that the frequency of preening may be related to sex and population density of White Stork Ciconia ciconia. We observed preening activity of 25 pairs in Western Poland at the beginning of incubation, when preening frequency is the highest. Birds were observed on the nest, because most preening behaviour occurs there. We found that being on the nest males spent proportionally more time on preening than females (on average 30% vs. 16%). Females spent more time preening when their mate was present at the nest. There was no significant relationship between preening frequency and indirect quality indicators (arrival date, laying date, hatching date, clutch size, brood size) nor between the distance to nearest neighbours and the time males and females spent on preening.

2

Egg grooming in Vallonia snails – anti-parasite defence or trophic behaviour?

84%

Kuznik-Kowalska E., Prockow M., Plaskowska E., Pokryszko B. M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2018

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tom 66

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nr 1

During laboratory studies on the reproductive biology of Vallonia pulchella and V. costata we observed an unusual behaviour in adults and juveniles of both species. The snails moved with their heads and radulae over the egg surface as if feeding. The examination of the egg shell revealed the presence of the fungus Arthrobotrys oligospora, which commonly occurs in the soil and has multiple lifestyles: it is known as a nematode pathogen, a saprophyte and a coloniser of plant roots. The extraordinary behaviour of Vallonia may be associated with the presence of mycelium on the egg surface. We hypothesise three possible explanations of egg grooming: (1) parental care, (2) trophic behaviour and (3) the infection can constitute a means of defence against nematodes, which are known to be predators of snails and slugs as well as their eggs. The removal of the fungus is not associated with overcrowding, but may be a selective advantage when combined with feeding.

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The effect of naloxone on object exploration, object recognition and other types of spontaneous behavior

84%

Lukaszewska I., Klepaczewska A.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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1997

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tom 57

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nr 2

4

Spontaneous behavior of the gray short-tailed opossum [Monodelphis domestica] in the elevated plus-maze: comparison with Long-Evans rats

84%

Wesierska M., Turlejski K.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

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2000

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tom 60

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nr 4

We observed the spontaneous behavior of a laboratory marsupial - the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) - in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) during six consecutive sessions and compared it with the behavior of Long-Evans rats. During the first exposure to the maze both species spent most of the time in the enclosed arms but opossums showed much higher frequency of entries into the open arms and stayed there longer. On the third and subsequent days opossums reduced their entries into the open arms and spent more time on the central square, where unlike rats they frequently groomed their lower belly and hind legs. During the last sessions they started spending more time in the enclosed arms. It is concluded that probably opossums, like rats show a stable anxiety evoked by open space. However, in the rat anxiety prevails over motivation to explore a new environment, while in the opossum it is initially at equilibrium with curiosity which habituates slower than in the rat. Results are discussed in the context of different ecology of the gray opossum that actively searches and hunts quickly moving insects. Thigmotaxic behavior, while strong in both species, dominates spontaneous behavior of the rat, but not opossum.

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Modulatory effects of oxytocin and carbetocin on stress-induced changes in rat behavior in the open-field

67%

Klenerova V., Krejci I., Sida P., Hlinak Z., Hynie S.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2009

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tom 60

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nr 2

57-62

Oxytocin (OXY) has been shown to attenuate some of the physiological and behavioral alterations appearing in stressed rats. Carbetocin (CBT), an oxytocin analog [deamino-1-monocarba-(2-O-methyltyrosine)-oxytocin], was designed to exert prolonged action. In the present study we investigated the impact of these peptides on the behavioral changes in rats exposed repeatedly to restraint stressors. Wistar male rats were exposed to restraint for 1 hour; saline or drugs were administered intraperitoneally immediately after stress termination. Recording of the exploratory activity in the open-field started 60 min later. To explore the possibility of persisting effects of stress and/or drugs, the procedure was repeated for three consecutive days. Restraint moderately suppressed locomotion and rearing, and increased grooming. OXY in 0.3 mg/kg dose showed a tendency to restore the suppressed exploratory activity. In contrast, 1 mg/kg dose potentiated the stress-induced behavioral deficit. Both OXY doses slightly increased grooming. CBT in the same two doses restored the stress-induced deficits in locomotion and rearing but did not influence grooming. The locomotor depression after 1 mg dose of OXY was found also in non-stressed rats in contrast to the increased activity after CBT. The data support the view that post-stress administered CBT exerts a significant effect on the stress-altered spontaneous behavior.

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Gdzie jest pies? Dylematy etyczne dotyczące creative grooming1

67%

Mamzer H.

Życie Weterynaryjne

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2021

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tom 96

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nr 07

7

Selective central activation of somatostatin receptor 2 increases food intake, grooming behavior and rectal temperature in rats

67%

Stengel A., Goebel M., Wang L., Rivier J., Kobelt P., Monnikes H., Tache Y.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

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2010

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tom 61

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nr 4

399-407

The consequences of selective activation of brain somatostatin receptor-2 (sst2) were assessed using the sst2 agonist, des-AA1,4-6,11-13-[DPhe2,Aph7(Cbm),DTrP8]-Cbm-SST-Thr-NH2. Food intake (FI) was monitored in ad libitum fed rats chronically implanted with an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannula. The sst2 agonist injected i.c.v. at 0.1 and 1 µg/rat dose-dependently increased light phase FI from 2 to 6 hours post injection (2.3±0.5 and 7.5±1.2 respectively vs. vehicle: 0.2±0.2 g/300 g bw, P<0.001). Peptide action was reversed by i.c.v. injection of the sst2 antagonist, des-AA1,4-6,11-13-[pNO2-Phe2,DCys3,Tyr7,DAph(Cbm)8]-SST-2Nal-NH2 and not reproduced by intraperitoneal injection (30 µg/rat). The sst2 antagonist alone i.c.v. significantly decreased the cumulative 14-hours dark phase FI by 29.5%. Other behaviors, namely grooming, drinking and locomotor activity were also increased by the sst2 agonist (1 µg/rat, i.c.v.) as monitored during the 2nd hour post injection while gastric emptying of solid food was unaltered. Rectal temperature rose 1 hour after the sst2 agonist (1 µg/rat, i.c.v.) with a maximal response maintained from 1 to 4 hours post injection. These data show that selective activation of the brain sst2 receptor induces a feeding response in the light phase not associated with changes in gastric emptying. The food intake reduction following sst2 receptor blockade suggests a role of this receptor in the orexigenic drive during the dark phase.

Ograniczanie wyników

Sex differences in preening behaviour in the White Stork Ciconia ciconia

Egg grooming in Vallonia snails – anti-parasite defence or trophic behaviour?

The effect of naloxone on object exploration, object recognition and other types of spontaneous behavior

Spontaneous behavior of the gray short-tailed opossum [Monodelphis domestica] in the elevated plus-maze: comparison with Long-Evans rats

Modulatory effects of oxytocin and carbetocin on stress-induced changes in rat behavior in the open-field

Gdzie jest pies? Dylematy etyczne dotyczące creative grooming1

Selective central activation of somatostatin receptor 2 increases food intake, grooming behavior and rectal temperature in rats