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The use of 2,4-D as a post pollination treatment to fertilize florets instead of GA₃ provided a two-fold improvement in seed set, culturable embryos and hence green plant production from wheat and maize pollination. The efficiency of the wheat by maize pollination method for haploid production was equal to the anther culture method in F₁ hybrid combinations that were responsive to anther culture. However, in recalcitrant combinations obtained from non-responsive genotypes the maize pollination method was far superior.
Field experiments were carried out from 1999 to 2001 with nine crops (red beet, field pumpkin, chicory, common bean, barley, white cabbage, maize, alfalfa and common parsnip) to determine the cadmium and lead accumulation and distribution in the plants' organs. Based on the obtained results, species suited for phytoremediation were selected. Within the red beet, field pumpkin, chicory, common bean, white cabbage and parsnip the maximum Cd and Pb content was found in leaves. The red beet was characterized by the highest cadmium concentration ratio (shoots/roots). The red beet and common parsnip were characterized by the highest lead concentration ratios (shoots/roots). The phytoremediation efficiency of the investigated crops depended on the biomass production and the possibility of metal accumulation in harvestable organs.
The effect of cold pretreatment of spikes on somatic embryo induction and anther culture response of 25 F₁ winter wheat hybrids was investigated. The efficiency of androgenic embryos was the highest when spikes were incubated at 4°C for 6-9 days. A total of 2242 (73.0%) green and 885 (27.0%) albino plants were obtained from 9900 cultured anthers. Anther culture response in wheat was found to be markedly affected by the genotype of donor plants. The percentage of green plants varied from 0 to 115.7%. A great majority of anther-derived regenerants were haploids (82.35%), while the remaining plants were spontanoeus diploids (13.73%) and aneuploids (3.92%).
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