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The paper examined how the farm management support provided by public extension to mitigate the effects of climate variability influences farmers’ production, and whether this support considers farmers’ capital assets. Both probability and non-probability sampling procedures were used to select districts, municipalities and farmers from 20 villages of Limpopo province, South Africa in January, 2014. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect data from field-level extension agents and smallholder grain farmers. The most common climate variability coping strategy promoted by many agents was climate-smart agriculture practices. This strategy was applied by most users and non-users of extension support. The most popular channel used by agents to communicate information to farmers was farm visits. There were indications that agents did not consider producers’ capital assets in their choice of channels to communicate information to producers. Results further indicate that extension support, including climate variability information, contributed to increased crop yields, albeit small. It is recommended that field trials be done to ensure proper application of climate variability coping measures. More use of mass media and group methods to supplement farm visits is recommended.
The aim of the paper was to evaluate the efficiency of nitrogen from ammonium saltpeter as related to the formulation of phosphorus fertilizer under maize grain cropping. Maize was grown in monoculture throughout the consecutive years 2003-2007. A two factorial field experiment was established at a farm located in Nowa Wieś Królewska (52°26’ N; 17°57’ E) on a slightly acidic soil, moderately rich in phosphorus. Experimental factors were as follows: (i) chemical formulation of the fertilizer, (partially acidulated phosphate rock – PAPR, simple superphosphate – SSP and triple superphosphate – TSP), (ii) nitrogen rate: 80 and 140 kg N·ha⁻¹; a phosphorus unfertilized treatment was also considered. The type of phosphorus fertilizer did not differentiate nitrogen uptake, but the lack of phosphorus at the applied rate has induced a decrease in nitrogen accumulation in the aboveground biomass, on average by 8%. Phosphorus fertilization at the rate 26.4 kg P·ha⁻¹ was the main determinant of nitrogen uptake by the kernels. Nitrogen recovery (R) from the fertilizers as well as its agronomical (AE) and physiological (PE) efficiency were significantly lower in treatments where phosphorus was not applied. Furthermore, it was found a positive effect of sulphur from simple superphosphate on the AE after the application of 80 kg N·ha⁻¹. The R values did not depend on the chemical formulation of phosphorus in the fertilizer and amounted on average to 74 and 59% for the rates 80 and 140 kg N·ha⁻¹, respectively, whereas for the treatment without P, these values varied within the range 46-54%.
Subject and purpose of work: The main purpose of the article is to research the state of grainproduct subcomplex of the agro-industrial complex and identify the main trends in its functioning as a prerequisite for the implementation of the external economic potential of Ukraine. Materials and methods: The research used methodical tools for analysis, construction of econometric models, as well as open information sources of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Results: A set of factors (independent variables) were determined and the existence of theoretically their relationship with the production profitability of cereals and legumes (dependent variable) was substantiated. The regression equations for the investigated factors dependence were formed. The reliability of the econometric model was proved using Fisher's criterion and Student's t-criterion test. Conclusions: To increase the external economic potential of the grain-product subcomplex of the agroindustrial complex, it is advisable to focus on building rational mechanisms for managing the identified determinants of efficiency ensuring of the latter.
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