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Long-term research work was performed in the years 1996-2002 on the occurrence and significance of winter wheat glume blotch (Stagonospora nodorum) in the region of middle-southern Poland. It was stated that the disease occurred every year at different intensity and this was dependent on the amount of rainfall during the vegetative period, especially in June. Winter wheat was strongly infected in the years 1999 and 2002 when rainfall in June was the highest. The lowest level of infection was recorded in the year 2000 characterized by the lowest rainfall in this month. Full chemical protection with broad spectrum fungicides performed once at GS 49-55 and always significantly increased grain yield, but the increase was the highest in the years of the highest ear infection by S. nodorum. It was concluded that in experimental period glume blotch of winter wheat could be considered as a disease of the greatest importance in the region of middle - Southern Poland, and thus creation a serious threat to winter wheat cultivated in this area.
Leaf diseases' influence the relationship between the yield and yield components of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Field experiments were conducted during 2003-2006 on a light loamy gleyic cambisoil in the central part of Lithuania to determine how leaf disease severity level affects grain yield and yield components. The area under disease progress curves (AUDPC), grain yield and yield components were analysed using the analysis of variance and correlations. Infected wheat straw was applied to initiate epidemics in all treatments. Three winter wheat cultivars: Hereward, Aron and Tauras differing in the level of resistance to leaf diseases were used in the experiments. In total, six treatments were established: (i) untreated control, (ii) powdery mildew control (pmc) + leaf diseases severity level 0%, (iii) pmc + leaf diseases severity level 1.0-5.0%, (iv) pmc + leaf diseases severity level 5.1-10.0%, (v) pmc + leaf diseases severity level 10.1-25.0%, (vi) pmc + leaf diseases severity level > 25.1%. Wheat in all treatments, except for the untreated control, was protected by morpholine and triazole fungicides. Yield and yield components were affected by leaf diseases in all the treated cultivars during all experimental years. Significant (p ≶ 0.01) medium and strong correlation coefficients were found between AUDPC and yield in all the treated cultivars under high pressure of leaf diseases in 2004.
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