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Cereulide and valinomycin, two important natural dodecadepsipeptides with ionophoretic activities

100%

Kroten M. A., Bartoszewicz M., Swiecicka I.

Polish Journal of Microbiology

2010

tom 59

nr 1

3-10

Cereulide produced by Bacillus cereus sensu stricto and valinomycin synthesized mainly by Streptomyces spp. are natural dodecadepsipeptide ionophores that act as potassium transporters. Moreover, they comprise three repetitions of similar tetrapeptide motifs synthesized by non-ribosomal peptide synthesis complexes. Resemblances in their structure find their reflections in the same way of action. The toxicity of valinomycin and cereulide is an effect of the disturbance of ionic equilibrium and transmembrane potential that may influence the whole organism and then cause fatal consequences. The vim and ces operons encoding valinomycin and cereulide are both composed of two large, similar synthetase genes, one thioestrase gene and four other ORFs with unknown activities. In spite of the characterization of valinomycin and cereulide, genetic determinants encoding their biosynthesis have not yet been clarified.

A review of asthma genetics: gene expression studies and recent candidates

80%

Malerba G., Pignatti P. F.

Journal of Applied Genetics

2005

tom 46

nr 1

Recent evidence indicates an important role of inflammation pathways, airways remodeling and epithelium activation in asthma genetics. In particular, transcriptome studies have detected differentially expressed genes involved in eosinophil apoptosis, the arginase pathway, response to allergens or interleukins, and to inhaled corticosteroids Candidate gene and genome wide studies have localized genetic regions involved in the disease, such as the A1AK and CLCA1 genes (chromosome 1), IL-1RN and DPP10 (2q14), HLA-G and TNF-α(6p21), GPRA (7p14), FcεRI and GSTP1 (11q13), NOSI, IFNG, STAT6, VDR, and other genes (12q13-26 ), PHF11 and flanking genes (13q14), AACT and PTGDR (14q), and ADAM33 (20p13). The role of these and other genetic determinants has to be confirmed in future, preferably longitudinal, studies.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Journal of Applied Genetics

1 Polish Journal of Microbiology

1 Bartoszewicz M.

1 Kroten M. A.

1 Malerba G.

1 Pignatti P. F.

1 Swiecicka I.

1 2010

1 2005

Wyniki wyszukiwania

Cereulide and valinomycin, two important natural dodecadepsipeptides with ionophoretic activities

A review of asthma genetics: gene expression studies and recent candidates