Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) are short, usually unedited sequences obtained by single-pass sequencing of cDNA clones from any cDNA library. Analyzing and comparing ESTs can provide information on gene expression, function and evolution. Large-scale EST sequencing has become an attractive alternative to plant genome sequencing. Currently, plant EST coltections comprise over 3.8 miliion sequences from about 200 species. They have proved to be a valuable tool for gene discovery and plant metabolism analysis. Several plant-specific EST databases have been created which provide access to sequence data and bioinformatics-based tools for data mining. Searching EST coltections allows pre-selection of genes for preparing cDNA arrays, targeted to bring maximum information on specialized processes, like stress response, symbiotic nitrogen fixation etc. Also, EST-based molecular markers such as SNP, SSR, and indels are fast developing tools for breeders and re searchers.
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