Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Sluggish gallbladder emptying and gastrointestinal transit after intake of common alcoholic beverages

100%

Kasicka-Jonderko A., Jonderko K., Gajek E., Piekielniak A., Zawislan R.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

|

2014

|

tom 65

|

nr 1

2

Does different approach during pancreatoduodenectomy influence intestinal migrating myoelectrical complex recovery? Study in experimental pig model

100%

Borycka-Kiciak K., Kiciak A., Zabielski R., Romanowicz-Barcikowska K., Tarnowski W., Bielecki K.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

|

2013

|

tom 64

|

nr 3

3

Central and peripheral mechanisms by which ghrelin regulates gut motility

100%

Peeters T. L.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

|

2003

|

tom 54

|

nr 4

95-103

Ghrelin is the recently discovered endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. This receptor had previously been characterized based on the stimulatory effect of synthetic peptides, enkephalin analogues, on growth hormone secretion by pituitary somatotrophs. Surprisingly, ghrelin is most abundant in the stomach, suggesting that it may have effects beyond the stimulation of growth hormone in the pituitary and that it is a new brain-gut peptide. There is now increasing evidence that ghrelin stimulates motor activity in the gastrointestinal tract. Thus ghrelin induces the migrating motor complex and accelerates gastric emptying. These are effects typical for motilin, the only peptide structurally related to ghrelin. Moreover, the receptors of both peptides are structurally related as well. The motor effects of ghrelin require rather high concentrations, while motilin at high concentrations stimulates growth hormone release. These data suggest cross-reactivity. However, in vitro binding and contractility studies in the rabbit, the classical model to study motilin agonists, show that ghrelin has very weak if any interaction with the motilin receptor. Similarly, in cell lines expressing the receptors for both peptides there is no evidence for cross-reactivity. This corresponds to the fact that the pharmacophore of both peptides is quite different. Therefore, the motor effects must be due to the stimulation of specific central or peripheral ghrelin receptors. In the guinea pig there is evidence from electrophysiology, immunohistochemistry and calcium imaging studies for ghrelin receptors on myenteric neurons. This provides the morphological basis for peripheral effects of ghrelin. In rats, ghrelin, but not motilin, enhances the response of muscle strips to electrical field stimulation by activating cholinergic pathways. In rabbits the opposite is true but some synthetic ghrelin agonists have weak effects which cannot be blocked by motilin antagonists. Apparently ghrelin is the functional equivalent of motilin in the rat, but in rabbits the motilin-ghrelin family may have yet unknown members. in vivo the effect of ghrelin can be blocked by vagotomy and there is evidence for ghrelin receptors on vagal afferents and in the nodose ganglion. Studies in the rat suggest that under physiological conditions circulating ghrelin does not activate the myenteric plexus, but is able to do so following vagotomy. Finally, centrally administered ghrelin also accelerates gastric emptying and ghrelin changes the activity of neurons of the central nuclei involved in signalling information from the gastrointestinal tract. It is concluded that ghrelin may affect gastrointestinal motility via specific ghrelin receptors located on myenteric, vagal and central neurons. Vagal and central pathways appear to be most important. The fact that ghrelin may reverse the effect of ileus on gastric emptying suggests that ghrelin agonists could find therapeutical application as prokinetics.

4

Effect of platycodin D on gastric motility, gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit

100%

Kim T.-W., Lim J.-H., Lee H.-K., Giorgi M., Owen H., Yun H.-I.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

|

2014

|

tom 70

|

nr 01

Diarrhea is a condition which causes malabsorption and dehydration. Recently, the anti-motility effect of several herbal compounds for the treatment of hypermotility-induced diarrhea has been studied. The root of Platycodon grandiflorum has been widely used in oriental medicine for the treatment of various chronic inflammatory diseases. The aim of the present study was to assess the effects of Platycodin D (PD), the major triterpene saponin in the root of P. grandiflorum, on gastrointestinal (GI) motility by assessing both gastric emptying (GE) and intestinal transit (IT) in mice with different treatment protocols. Mice were randomly allocated to 5 groups (n = 15/group) according to their treatment protocols (control, administered with antikinetics: atropine, dopamine, or with pro-kinetics: itoride, bethanechol) for each GE and IT test. Each group was subsequently divided into 3 subgroups (n = 5) pre-treated with different PD doses (0, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg). Pre-treatment with PD in the control treatment group of mice showed reduced GE and IT in a dose-dependent manner. At the maximum PD effect, GE and IT were reduced by 63% and 50%, respectively, compared with those in the normal control group. In the groups given atropine or dopamine, pre-treatment with PD further reduced GE and IT by 35% to 58%, respectively. The PD pre-treatment dramatically reduced the GI motility enhanced by itopride and bethanechol. On the whole, these results suggest that PD treatment might be beneficial in motility-induced diarrhea.

5

Exogenous melatonin delays gastric emptying rate in rats: role of CCK2 and 5-HT3 receptors

100%

Kasimay O., Cakir B., Devseren E., Yegen B. C.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

|

2005

|

tom 56

|

nr 4

Pineal hormone melatonin is proposed as a potential treatment for severe sleep disturbances, and various gastrointestinal disorders. It was shown that melatonin increases intestinal motility and influences the activity of myoelectric complexes of the gut. The aim of the study was to evaluate the mechanisms of the effect of exogenous melatonin on gastric emptying rate. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fitted with gastric cannulas under anesthesia. The rate of gastric emptying of saline was determined after instillation into the gastric fistula, from the volume and phenol red concentrations recovered after 5 min. Melatonin injected intraperitoneally (ip; 0.001-100 mg/kg) delayed gastric emptying rate of saline at 3 and 10 mg/kg doses. When administered ip 15 min before melatonin (10 mg/kg) injections, CCK2 (L-365,260, 1 mg/kg) or 5-HT3 receptor (ramosetrone, 50 µg/kg) blockers abolished melatonin-induced delay in gastric emptying rate, while the blockade of sympathetic ganglia (bretylium tosylate, 15 mg/kg) significantly reduced the delay in gastric emptying rate. CCK1 receptor blocker (L-364,718, 1 mg/kg) had no significant effect on the delaying action of melatonin. Our results indicate that pharmacological doses of melatonin delay gastric emptying via mechanisms that involve CCK2 and 5-HT3 receptors. Moreover, it appears that exogenous melatonin inhibits gastric motility in part by activating sympathetic neurons.

6

Involvement of cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 in the effects of insulin on gastric emptying in male rats

80%

Huang W.-J., Hung C.-R., Chen M.-C., Wang J.-R., Doong M.-L., Wang C.-K., Hung C.-T., Wang P. S.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

|

2009

|

tom 60

|

nr 3

109-118

Delayed gastric emptying in patients with both type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) occurs in approximately 50% of these patients. However, the role and the action mechanism of insulin on gastrointestinal (GI) motility are still unclear. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the involvement of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 in the effects of insulin on gastric emptying in male rats. The normal and streptozotocin (STZ)-pretreated rats were injected intraperitoneally with or without insulin, atropine and specific muscarinic receptor antagonists before examination of measurement of gastric emptying, spontaneous contractile activity of smooth muscle strips, plasma cholecystokinin (CCK), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) analysis. Protein expression of COX-2 and insulin receptors (IRs) were analyzed by the technique of western blot. Acute different doses of insulin accelerated gastric emptying. Atropine interrupted the insulin effect on gastric emptying, and muscarnic M1/M3 receptor antagonists interrupted the insulin-reversed gastric emptying in normal and DM rats. Besides, we observed the expression of (IRs) in GI and found that IR was changed under the insulin and DM treatment, and was also different between STZ-pretreated rats and hyperglycemic rats. Expression of COX-2 in stomach was decreased in DM rats but restored by insulin. The COX inhibitor, indomethacin, decreased the gastric emptying which was induced or reversed by insulin in normal and DM rats, respectively. PGE2 production in stomach corresponded to the COX-2 expression. The contraction of GI smooth muscle stimulated by PGE2 was increased in insulin-pretreated normal and DM rats. We conclude that insulin changed the expression of IRs in stomach in DM rats. The delayed GI motility in diabetes was at least in part due to the COX-2 and PGE2 pathway which associated with decreasing COX-2 and diminishing PGE2 production in stomach. The attenuation of PGE2 production was employed for the index of the reduction of smooth muscle contraction in stomach in diabetes. Insulin stimulated the smooth muscle contraction through the IRs and COX-2 expression plus PGE2 production in rat stomach as well as reversed the delayed gastric emptying via the nervous actions of muscarinic M1 and M3 receptors in DM rats.

7

Effects of probiotic and prebiotic on gastrointestinal motility in newborns

80%

Indrio F., Riezzo G., Raimondi F., Bisceglia M., Cavallo L., Francavilla R.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement

|

2009

|

tom 60

|

nr 6

8

Selective central activation of somatostatin receptor 2 increases food intake, grooming behavior and rectal temperature in rats

80%

Stengel A., Goebel M., Wang L., Rivier J., Kobelt P., Monnikes H., Tache Y.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

|

2010

|

tom 61

|

nr 4

399-407

The consequences of selective activation of brain somatostatin receptor-2 (sst2) were assessed using the sst2 agonist, des-AA1,4-6,11-13-[DPhe2,Aph7(Cbm),DTrP8]-Cbm-SST-Thr-NH2. Food intake (FI) was monitored in ad libitum fed rats chronically implanted with an intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) cannula. The sst2 agonist injected i.c.v. at 0.1 and 1 µg/rat dose-dependently increased light phase FI from 2 to 6 hours post injection (2.3±0.5 and 7.5±1.2 respectively vs. vehicle: 0.2±0.2 g/300 g bw, P<0.001). Peptide action was reversed by i.c.v. injection of the sst2 antagonist, des-AA1,4-6,11-13-[pNO2-Phe2,DCys3,Tyr7,DAph(Cbm)8]-SST-2Nal-NH2 and not reproduced by intraperitoneal injection (30 µg/rat). The sst2 antagonist alone i.c.v. significantly decreased the cumulative 14-hours dark phase FI by 29.5%. Other behaviors, namely grooming, drinking and locomotor activity were also increased by the sst2 agonist (1 µg/rat, i.c.v.) as monitored during the 2nd hour post injection while gastric emptying of solid food was unaltered. Rectal temperature rose 1 hour after the sst2 agonist (1 µg/rat, i.c.v.) with a maximal response maintained from 1 to 4 hours post injection. These data show that selective activation of the brain sst2 receptor induces a feeding response in the light phase not associated with changes in gastric emptying. The food intake reduction following sst2 receptor blockade suggests a role of this receptor in the orexigenic drive during the dark phase.

9

Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik

Characterization of CCK receptor - mediated effects on intracellular calcium of porcine chief cells

80%

Heim H. K., Elhoft A., Wittstock H., Sewing K. F.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

|

1995

|

tom 46

|

nr 4

10

Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric motor dysfunction

70%

Wingate D. L.

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology

|

1996

|

tom 47

|

nr 1

11

Rozpoznawanie i leczenie zaburzeń motoryki przewodu pokarmowego

41%

Jergens A. E.

Weterynaria po Dyplomie

|

2020

|

tom 21

|

nr 6

Ograniczanie wyników

Sluggish gallbladder emptying and gastrointestinal transit after intake of common alcoholic beverages

Does different approach during pancreatoduodenectomy influence intestinal migrating myoelectrical complex recovery? Study in experimental pig model

Central and peripheral mechanisms by which ghrelin regulates gut motility

Effect of platycodin D on gastric motility, gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit

Exogenous melatonin delays gastric emptying rate in rats: role of CCK2 and 5-HT3 receptors

Involvement of cyclooxygenase 2 and prostaglandin E2 in the effects of insulin on gastric emptying in male rats

Effects of probiotic and prebiotic on gastrointestinal motility in newborns

Selective central activation of somatostatin receptor 2 increases food intake, grooming behavior and rectal temperature in rats

Characterization of CCK receptor - mediated effects on intracellular calcium of porcine chief cells

Helicobacter pylori infection and gastric motor dysfunction

Rozpoznawanie i leczenie zaburzeń motoryki przewodu pokarmowego