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1

Sequential extraction of chromium from galvanic wastewater sludge

100%
Bielicka A., Bojanowska I., Wisniewski A.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2005
|
tom 14
|
nr 2
The sequential extraction of chromium from galvanic wastewater sludge was studied. A five-step sequential fractionation scheme was used to partition the chromium into exchangeable (F I), acid-soluble (F II), reducible (F III), organic matter (F IV) and residual (F V) fractions. The results of investigations indicate that 59.5% of chromium occurred in residual fraction, which is permanently immobilized, whereas 40.5% of chromium in galvanic wastewater sludge can be released to ecosystems under changing natural conditions.
2

Investigation of heavy metals leaching from industrial wastewater sludge

88%
Swierk K., Bielicka A., Bojanowska I., Mackiewicz Z.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2007
|
tom 16
|
nr 3
447-451
Galvanic sewage sludge from electroplating plant was examined for leaching of heavy metals using various extracting solutions. The investigated parameters that influence heavy metals leaching were: contact time, type and concentration of leaching agents and form of sludge. The results of investigations show that the amounts of heavy metals (copper, nickel, chromium) released from industrial sludge using various leaching agents were from 0.07% to ~99% of their total contents. The form of sludge (air – dry or mineral residue) has a significant influence on quantities of metals leached.
3

The recovery of chromium from galvanic wastewater sludge

75%
Bojanowska I.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2002
|
tom 11
|
nr 3
The recovery of chromium from prepared (mixed and co-precipitated) sludge, generated during the neutralisation process of galvanic wastewater was investigated. Studied sludge contained hydroxide and oxide mixtures of various metals including chromium(III) hydroxide. The recovery procedure included precipitation of hydroxides and their dissolution, oxidation of chromium(III) to chromium(VI) and final extraction and reextraction of chromium(VI). The recovery of chromium from the mixed and co-precipitated sludge was limited by the sludge solubility in the sodium hydroxide solution. The yield of chromium recovery did not exceed 36%, which suggests that sludge should not be mixed after neutralisation [1, 2]. The recovery of chromium from the co-precipitated sludge was about 18% of its initial amount. This group of sludges should be managed according to the method proposed in papers [3, 4].
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