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Based on previous assessments on stallions, 40 ejaculates of 20 Duroc boars were split and evenly frozen with a conventional vapour freezing method and two directional, drum and directional, prototype methods using commercial extenders and relative standard procedures. The directional prototype was provided with a double internal setup that allowed the positioning of experimental 2ml flat straws with 1 billion sperm (Flat) in a fixed support, or both classical 0.5 ml paillettes with 250 million spermatozoa and flats in a rotating drum designed so as to ensure a more uniform heat exchange. Preliminary tests for individuation of the most appropriate thawing rate showed beneficial effects (P≤0.05) of thawing the sperm at 50°C for 13 s when compared to 42°C for 20 s, in terms of total motility (42.8±8.4% and 35.6±6.8%, respectively). With regard to freezing/packaging methods, major improvements (P≤0.05) were shown for the drum method with paillettes for total motility (38.6±14.2%) assessed immediately after thawing, when compared with the conventional (29.4±13.3%) and the directional methods with flats (30.2±12.8%), and for total motility (P≤0.01) assessed following incubation for 120 min at 37°C after thawing (24.8±11.6%) with respect to the conventional method (15.6±10.9%). Despite the statistical non-significance of results, both the prototype freezing approaches using the experimental flat straw showed some improvements in functional parameters assessed by cytofluorometry when compared to the conventional method.
The experiment was conducted on samples of the dorsal muscle (musculus longissimus dorsi), taken from 60 carcasses of fattening pigs with average live weight of ca. 110 kg, characterized by meat of normal quality. A total of 120 samples, each weighing ca. 500 g, were collected. They were divided into two groups and frozen according to a cryogenic-ventilation method (60 samples) and a ventilation method (60 samples). After 2 weeks, 6, 12 and 18 months of storage at a temperature of 245 K (-28°C), the samples were taken for laboratory analyses. It was confirmed that freezing of portioned pork according to the cryogenic-ventilation method allows prevention of excessive raw material loss during chilling, storing and thawing. After two weeks of cold storage, pork frozen in the cryogenic-ventilation system was characterized by higher pH, a slightly darker colour and better water-holding capacity than pork frozen in the ventilation system. During a long period of cold storage its pH decreased, the colour became lighter and the water-holding capacity decreased to a lower extent than in the samples frozen according to the ventilation method. An analysis of hydrolytic and oxidative changes in intramuscular lipids confirms that pork may be stored up to 18 months regardless of the freezing method employed.
This stiřdy was aimed at determining the influence of three different freezing methods on the horsemeat microfloraduring a 3-month-cold storage. The three methods used included freezing in a container ventilation chamber, freezing in liquid carbon dioxide and two-stage freezing method (combined method based on using liquid carbon dioxide and freezing in a container ventilation chamber). The study revealed that the two-stage freezing method or freezing with liquid carbon dioxide were significantly more effective in the reduction of bacteria within the meat than freezing in a container ventilation chamber. During a 3-month-cold storage of horsemeat, a gradual reduction in bacterial populations was observed. The reduction was significantly greater in the "enriched" meat frozen with the two-stage method or in liquid carbon dioxide as compared to that found in the "normal" meat.
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