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The aim of the study was to determine whether there is a correlation between breast height diameter, tree height and stem total volume of Scots pines, on the one hand, and volume and proportion of juvenile wood, on the other. The investigations comprised pure pine stands of the IInd, IIIrd, IVth and Vth age classes developed in conditions of fresh mixed coniferous forest. A distinct curvilinear correlation was found between volume and proportion of juvenile wood in tree stems and breast height diameter, height and stem total volume. Because of high values of determination coefficients (R2), which characterised the above-mentioned correlations, it seems appropriate to use these regularities to assess the quality of the timber raw material regarding the proportions of its volume and juvenile wood in stems of Scots pine trees.
The study is an attempt to determine share of sapwood and heartwood in stems of European larch trees from II and III class of age, grown in conditions of fresh coniferous mixed forest site (BMśw), fresh forest mixed site (LMśw), fresh forest site (Lśw). The highest hare of heartwood was observed in stems of European larch in conditions of fresh forest site Lśw, and the smallest in conditions of fresh coniferous mixed forest site (BMśw). Differences were also observed within the investigated classes of age, and higher share of heartwood observed in III class of age. The smallest share of heartwood characterized codominant trees and the highest dominant trees (from main tree stand in Kraft classification).
The paper presents the possibility of soil trophism index application in forest site classification. It was proved that the proposed soil trophism index makes the forest site classification more precise and objective. It is a new way of forest site classifiaction based on soil skeleton, silt and clay parts percentage share, reaction, base exchangeable cation sum and the organic matter decomposition rate.
The forests of the Silesian Beskid Mts have a specific composition with a marked dominance of Norway spruce. Although spruce stands are seriously threatened, some of them, such as those of Istebna race, show excellent genetic value. The work stresses the need for the conversion of spruce stands in the Silesian Beskid range on the basis of population genetics and describes the principles of such conversion.
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