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The flotation method elaborated for recovery of Toxocara and other geohelminth eggs from soil is described. Soil samples of about 500 ml volume are picked from 3-cm superficial layer of the ground. In the laboratory, 40 g of dry and sifted material is analysed according to following procedure: 1 h standing, 20 minutes shaking and 3 minutes centrifugation (1500 rpm) in 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH), then centrifugation, like above, with H₂O for washing the sample and next with the saturated sodium nitrate (NaNO₃) for flotation the eggs. Specimen is prepared by placing a cover slip on the positive meniscus of the flotation liquid.
This paper presents a method of fat recovery from wastewaters produced in the process of wet rendering. The solution may be used in protein recovery and for pretreatment of wastewaters. The essence of the method is based on dissolved air flotation (DAF) used to separate fats in the 1st stage and protein fractions in the 2nd stage of the process. Its special advantage is the possibility of the direct treatment of mixed wastewaters and silts produced by centrifuges. This method enables the recovery of fats and proteins in a non-rotten form, which permits their further utilization. A flotation system equipped with two separation chambers, pipe reactors, a water saturation station and a control system for optimizing the process were constructed in order to apply the method. The studied method was verified in a real scale installation by treating after-centrifugal wastewater in the volume up to 10.0 m³/day. using the method, the fatty compounds recovery exceeds 85% and suspended proteins are separated from mixed processing wastewaters and after-centrifugal silts.
Cryptosporidium parvum is endemic to South Africa. In order to provide direction for prevention strategies, information on the dominant genotype involved in human infections is required. A combination of diethyl ether extraction, sodium chloride flotation and immuno-magnetic separation (IMS) was used for maximum recovery of oocysts from faecal samples. In order to improve the sensitivity of PCR-RFLP analysis of the Cryptosporidium oocyst wall protein (COWP) gene, a nested PCR was developed. RFLP analysis was done on a 553 bp segment obtained from the final nested PCR reaction to distinguish between C. parvum genotype 1 (human exclusive type) and genotype 2 (broad host range). Overall, genotype 2 was detected in 10 samples, whereas genotype 1 was detected in the remaining 40 samples. The high incidence of genotype 1 parasites (80%) implies hat direct and indirect human transmission plays a dominant role in the epidemiology of the disease caused by this parasite in the study area.
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