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A common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) mutation that produces 3 pistils (TP) per floret may result in formation of up to 3 kernels per floret. The TP trait may be important for increasing the number of grains per spike and for improving the yield potential through breeding. This trait is determined by the dominant Pis1 gene. Genetic mapping of Pisl involved 234 microsatellite markers and bulk segregant analysis of a cross of the TP line with Novosibirskaya 67. The Pis1 gene is located on chromosome 2DL, between markers Xgwm539 and Xgwm349. This result does not agree with a previously published localization of the Pis1 gene on chromosome 5B. The possible importance of TP wheat as an alternative genetic resource is discussed.
Micromorphological features of glumes, lemmas and paleas were examined under light and scanning electron microscopes in amphiploids of Aegilops geniculata, Ae. peregrina × Secale cereale and their parental species. The principal features include the size and shape of silica bodies, crown cells, prickles, macrohairs, stomata and the morphology of long cells. The SEM observations of glumes separate two parental forms of Aegilops by the type of prickles and types of wax on palea surface. The abaxial surfaces of lemmas in the parental species and amphiploids show the most taxonomical features. Amphiploids in many features exhibit an extended range of variation in comparison to their parental species, particularly in stomatal length. Epidermal features in amphiploids are inherited after Ae. geniculata and Ae. peregrina. Results of this study provided data on new quantitative and qualitative traits of the glumes, lemmas and paleas in the studied taxa.
The collective species Hieracium pilosella L. is represented in Poland by two cytotypes: the tetraploid (2n = 36) and pentaploid (2n = 45). A comparative embryological analysis of these two cytotypes showed, that tetraploid cytotype has a normal sporogenesis and sexual mode of reproduction. In the pentaploid cytotype the florets of unopened capitula were examined. Sporogenesis both in anthers and in ovules is highly disturbed. In rare cases the meiotic fully organized embryo sacs were formed. As a rule aposporic embryo sacs arising from somatic cells of chalaza or from nucellar epidermis were present. In still unopened capitula the development of embryos arising parthenogenetically preceded that of endosperm formed in the autonomous way. The occurrence of developmental abnormalities (multiply embryo sacs, polyembryony, adventitious integumental embryony) have been observed in ovules of the pentaploid cytotype.
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