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Viral infections in goose flocks in Poland

86%
The aim of this study was to determine the infectious agents isolated from infection - suspected geese sent for the diagnostic examination to National Veterinary Research Institute. The birds were sent from goose flocks localized in different parts of Poland. Totally, 1,013 birds from 122 flocks were examined. The presence of goose parvovirus (GPV), goose haemorrhagic polyomavirus (GHPV), and goose circovirus (GoCV) was detected by triplex PCR. The presence of GPV DNA was shown in 36 flocks. The disease was most frequently diagnosed in goslings aging 3.5 weeks (ten flocks), and 2.5 weeks (six flocks). The analysis of the nucleotide sequence of VP1 encoding region has shown close similarity of Polish GPV strains within the group which ranged from 92% to 100%. Moreover, the similarity level of these strains with GPV isolated in Europe was from 91.3% to 100%. The occurrence of GoCV DNA was shown in 25 goose flocks. The presence of GoCV DNA was found among geese aged from 2 to 6 weeks, but predominantly in those aging 3.5 (three flocks) and 5 weeks (five flocks). The sequence analysis of PCR products from the sequenced region of ORFC1 capsid protein of GoCV has shown that Polish isolates share from 85% to 91% similarity with the sequences of GoCV strains isolated in other countries. The presence of DNA of GHPV was found in 3-week-old geese. During the last 2 years the presence of GHPV was confirmed in three flocks of goslings at the age from 3 to 3.5 weeks. During the last 12 years the occurrence of co-infection with GPV and GoCV was detected in six flocks aging from 5 to 6 weeks.
The objective of this research was to determine allele and genotype frequencies of the prion protein gene (PRNP) in a flock of sheep and categorise thereof into groups by susceptibility to scrapie. Additionally, a mating simulation was conducted, which aimed at decreasing sheep susceptibility to scrapie. Sheep of Kamieniecka breed from a single flock were investigated. Polymorphism in the PrP gene was identified with the use of the PCR-RFLP method. Four of the five alleles were found - ARR, ARQ, ARU. and VRQ, in nine different combinations - ARR/ARR, ARR/ARQ, ARQ/ARQ, ARR/ARH, ARH/VRQ, ARR/VRQ, ARQ/ARH, ARH/ARH, and ARQ/VRQ. The most frequent allele was the one being the most desired, namely ARR, (63.2%), and the least frequent was VRQ (5.4%). Mating simulation aiming at increasing the frequency of the ARR allele in the examined sheep group demonstrated that in the F₆ generation it is possible to obtain as many as 97.7% of homozygotic animals having the lowest susceptibility to scrapie.
Breeding selection of slaughter poultry aimed at assuring fast body weight gains of birds has resulted in the occurrence of various forms of chronic diseases, including deep pectoral myopathy, also known as green muscle disease. The objective of the study was to determine the hygienic and technological value of meat of turkeys originating from flocks with diagnosed green muscle disease. The experimental material comprised 376 samples of the major and minor pectoral muscle from post-production turkey hens. The samples were subjected to microbiological analyses as well as determinations of pH, water binding capacity, color and chemical composition (fat, protein, water). The results obtained enabled concluding that, in terms of microbiological assessment, the meat originating from turkeys affected by the green muscle disease may be acknowledged as suitable for consumption. In turn, due to negligibly diminished technological value, resulting from deviations in pH value, water binding capacity, color and chemical composition, the authors postulate considering the advisability of stipulating separate qualitative standards for meat originating from post-production turkey hens.
The paper undertakes problem of sheep grazing in the area of the Low Beskidy and Bieszczady. Currently only few flocks of milk and meat sheep are grazed in the area. Sheep are grazed both, on the private lands, usually bigger plots of pastures and fallows coming from the previous state farms and in Bieszczady and Magóry National Parks.
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