Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Biochemical targets in filarial worms for selective antifilarial drug design

100%

Gupta S., Srivastava A. K.

Acta Parasitologica

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 1

Filarial nematodes infect more than 150 million people worldwide and are responsible for diseases including elephantiasis, river blindness and tropical pulmonary eosinophilia. Antifílarial agents that can kill all the stages in the life cycle of causative filar- iae have yet to be developed. Very little effort has been made towards rational drug design, employing knowledge gained from studies of the biochemistry and physiology of filarial worms and of their interactions with their specific vertebrate hosts. In this review, we highlight the research and development of rational antifílarial agents and we discuss the pitfalls since the discovery of diethylcarbamazine, the only drug of choice for controlling filariasis, despite its adverse side effects.

2

Setaria cervi collagenase: IgG cleavage and inhibition by Wuchereria bancrofti infected sera

100%

Srivastava Y., Gupta S., Pokharel D. R., Rathaur S.

Acta Parasitologica

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2004

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tom 49

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nr 3

Significant protease activity has been detected in somatic extract of adults and microfilarial stage of Setaria cervi, using general protease substrates and collagen. The pH optima studies of the somatic extract of adult females showed two peaks at 7.0 and 5.0 for collagenase activity. Both forms were purified using sequential DEAE-sepharose and Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The purified enzymes had the molecular masses of 175 and 20 kDa and pH optima at 7.0 and 5.0, respectively. The 175 kDa collagenase was more sensitive to metal chelators and serine protease inhibitors. However, 20 kDa collagenase was sensitive to cysteine protease inhibitors. The IgG antibodies from W. bancrofti infected human sera inhibited both enzymes. Further the purified collagenases were used to digest total human IgG at their respective pH and for different lengths of time. The 175 kDa protein was capable of cleaving human IgG. The digestion appeared to be restricted to a single cleavage point of H-chain within the hinge region of IgG molecule and produced fragments of similar molecular mass (27 kDa) indicating cleavage to Fab and Fc fragments. The degree of digestion was found to be proportional to the incubation time at 37°C. No further digestion of either fragments were observed. The L-chains were apparently resistant to collagenase digestion in all cases. Thus, the results suggest that S. cervi collagenase might be involved in the defense mechanisms of the parasite against the immune response of the host.

3

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Lymphatic filariasis among the Ezza people of Ebonyi State, eastern Nigeria

84%

Anosike J. C., Nwoke B. E., Ajayi E. G., Onwuliri C. O., Okoro O. U., Oku E. E., Asor J. E., Amajuoyi O. U., Ikpeama C. A., Ogbusu F. I., Meribe C. O.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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2005

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tom 12

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nr 2

181-186

A total of 1,243 Ezza people living in 10 communities of Ebonyi State, eastern Nigeria were examined between July 2002-January 2003 for lymphatic filariasis. This is the first time a filariasis survey due to Wuchereria bancrofti has been carried out in this state. Of the 1,243 persons examined, 210 (16.9%) had W. bancrofti microfilariae. Infection varied significantly among communities and ages (p<0.05) but not sex-related (p>0.05). The Ezza people are predominantly farmers and professional hired labourers. There was a close association between microfilaria rate and microfilaria -density in various age groups (r = 0.812; p<0.01). Microfilaria density is an important measure in the epidemiology, treatment and control of human filarisis in this endemic foci. Clinical signs and symptoms of the disease include elephantiasis, hydrocoele, dermatitis and periodic fever. Clinical symptoms without microfilaraemia and microfilaraemia without clinical symptoms were also observed. Of 1,603 mosquitoes dissected, Anopheles gambiae, An. funestus and Culex quinquefasciatus showed infectivity rates of 6.3%, 5.1% and 6.0% respectively. The affected persons and other key informants are unaware of the cause of the disease and attributed it to witchcraft, violation of taboo, bad water and food. Intervention strategies to be integrated into the on-going Community-Directed Treatment with Ivermectin (CDTI) project are discussed.

4

Detection of Setaria tundra microfilariae in mosquito populations from irrigated fields in Wroclaw (Poland)

84%

Rydzanicz K., Lonc E., Masny A., Golab E.

Annals of Parasitology

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2016

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tom 62

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nr Suppl.

5

Immunomodulation of ALT-2 and TLR may collude in antigen specific T cell hyporesponsiveness: Proposed mechanism for elevated IL-10 levels in Balb/C mice

67%

Aparnaa R., Kaliraj P.

Acta Parasitologica

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2014

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tom 59

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nr 1

ALT-2, a novel antigen belonging to the chromadorea ALT-2 family of the filarial nematode is proved to clear filarial parasites in Jirds. In order to increase the protection efficacy by stimulating the cell mediated immunity, MPLA a detoxified derivative of LPS known to induce the cellular response, was used in this study as an adjuvant on mice models. ALT-2+MPLA formulation elicited a high titer of total IgG antibody, with profoundly increased levels of IgG2b. Reduced splenocyte proliferation was observed in immunized group when compared to control groups which could be attributed to many in vivo factors. The levels of IFN-γ were high in unstimulated MPLA group compared to ALT-2 stimulated MPLA group, suggesting that the ALT-2 antigen suppressed the IFN-γ levels. A high level of IL-10 was induced by the ALT-2+MPLA formulation, which inhibited the production of Th2 cytokines (IL-4, IL-5) and also reduced the Th1 cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-2) levels which are not in vogue with the classical MPLA adjuvant formulation. We propose a mechanism for this immunomodulation which involves a diminished expression of TLR-4, by which the filarial parasites have evolved to evade host immune mechanism.

6

The characteristics of the most troublesome mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Poland

67%

Wegner E.

Fragmenta Faunistica

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2009

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tom 52

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nr 2

Twelve of the 47 Polish mosquito species can pose serious health problems to man or at least heavy nuisance. They fly from breeding sites (where huge numbers can be produced) into houses and/or farm buildings transmitting severe human and animal diseases. Problematic ones are: Anopheles messae and An. atroparvus, Ochlerotatus communis, Oc. cataphylla, Oc. punctor, Oc. cantans, Oc. sticticus, Aedes cinereus, Ae. vexans, Coquillettidia richiardii, Culex pipiens and Culiseta annulata. The problems of distribution, phenology under different climatic conditions, habitat requirements and preferences both of larvae and adults, behaviour, fertility and vector competence of all these species are analyzed. Most of the species in the Temperate Zone produce more than one generation during the growing season or at least have several emergences. Only Oc. communis and Oc. cataphylla are early spring univoltine species, although they can breed twice or more during the growing season when there are favourable conditions. Univoltine Oc. cantans, which can develop several times during a season, occurring in the breeding sites often together with multivoltine Oc. punctor. The period of their occurrence is usually much longer than that of Oc. communis and Oc. cataphylla. Flood–water mosquitoes – Oc. sticticus and both Aedes species occur along river valleys and their larvae can breed in different pools situated in a variety of environments. Culex pipiens, especially its form molestus and Culiseta annulata can breed in natural and artificial ponds, even in heavily polluted water. Although mosquitoes are known to be competent vectors of serious human and animal diseases, in Poland they are considered to cause nuisance only. Despite the fact that malaria was eradicated in Poland in 1960-s, at least two Polish anopheline species can still transmit the human malarial parasite very effectively. The remaining species (except for only one) described in the paper can transmit several arboviruses, while several species are vectors of filariosis (Dirofilaria sp.).

7

Parasitic diseases in humans transmitted by vectors

67%

Cholewinski M., Derda M., Hadas E.

Annals of Parasitology

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2015

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tom 61

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nr 3

Despite the considerable progress of medicine, parasitic diseases still pose a great threat to human health and life. Among parasitic diseases, those transmitted by vectors, mainly arthropods, play a particular role. These diseases occur most frequently in the poorest countries and affect a vast part of the human population. They include malaria, babesiosis, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis and filariasis. This study presents those vector-transmitted diseases that are responsible for the greatest incidence and mortality of people on a global scale. Attention is focused primarily on diseases transmitted by mosquitoes, flies, Hemiptera and ticks.

8

Evaluation of different Onchocerciass manifestation by age and gender among residents in selected endemic villages in Okigwe Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria

67%

Kamalu, N. A., Uwakwe F. E.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2014

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tom 15

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nr 2

Aspects of human infection with Onchocerca volvulus was investigated in 9 villages in Okigwe LGA of Imo State, Nigeria between January 2010 and December 2011. The objectives were to compare the prevalence of different manifestations of Onchocerciasis according to gender and age, with view to determine if there had been a change in prevalence of Onchocerciasis among residents of some communities in Okigwe Local Government Area of Imo State. A cross sectional survey method was adopted for the study, blood free skin snips were collected from randomly selected consenting adults aged 5-62 years. Palpation for mobile subcutaneous lumps and clinical manifestation were observed among 960 persons comprising 511 males and 449 females. The commonest lesions observed were poor vision 17 %, nodules 15 %, leopard skin 20 %, lizard skin 15 %, and hanging groin 3 %. Musculo-skeletal pain (MSP) was recorded as one of the major complaints by 30 % of the subjects. The result showed that Onchocerciasis clinical manifestations are still prevalent, however nodules prevalence reduced among the sampled population (69.8 %).

9

Vectors of lymphatic filariasis of human

67%

Okulewicz A., Fronska-Popiel A.

Wiadomości Parazytologiczne

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1999

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tom 45

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nr 4

10

Filariozy psów

59%

Szczepaniak K., Tomczuk K., Studzinska M., Demkowska-Kutrzepa M., Roczen-Karczmarz M., Lesniak P.

Weterynaria w Praktyce

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2020

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tom 17

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nr 03

Ograniczanie wyników

Biochemical targets in filarial worms for selective antifilarial drug design

Setaria cervi collagenase: IgG cleavage and inhibition by Wuchereria bancrofti infected sera

Lymphatic filariasis among the Ezza people of Ebonyi State, eastern Nigeria

Detection of Setaria tundra microfilariae in mosquito populations from irrigated fields in Wroclaw (Poland)

Immunomodulation of ALT-2 and TLR may collude in antigen specific T cell hyporesponsiveness: Proposed mechanism for elevated IL-10 levels in Balb/C mice

The characteristics of the most troublesome mosquito species (Diptera: Culicidae) in Poland

Parasitic diseases in humans transmitted by vectors

Evaluation of different Onchocerciass manifestation by age and gender among residents in selected endemic villages in Okigwe Local Government Area of Imo State, Nigeria

Vectors of lymphatic filariasis of human

Filariozy psów