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The association between faecal egg counts and serum IgG response against somatic (SAg) and two excretory/secretory antigens (ESAg-4h, ESAg-24h) obtained from adult Haemonchus contortus was monitored over one season in young Polish Wrzosówka ewes naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. There was a considerable variation in faecal egg counts and in the proportion of larvae from each species recovered from faeces at different months. Very similar IgG responses against the three antigen preparations were observed; the differences among months were significant. The distribution of antibody among young ewes was unimodal and positively skewed. The repeatabilities of IgG responses against SAg and ESAg-24h were all positive and statistically significant, although repeatabilities against ESAg-4h were of border line significance. The correlation coefficients among IgG responses tended to increase in the second half of season. There was a significant association between increased IgG responses to somatic antigens and reduced faecal egg counts. The combination of antibody responses against different antigen preparations of H. contortus and faecal egg counts appear better at identifying resistant Polish Wrzosówka sheep than either method used in isolation.
In an experimental flock of Polish long-wool sheep (PL), rams and ewes were progressively replaced by Blackface (Bl) and Weisses Alpenschaf (WA) sheep. The ewes and their lambs were naturally infected with predominantly Teladorsagia circumincta and Haemonchus contortus nematode species. A survey was done from 1995 to 2000 by regular FECs. Significant fixed effects were: the timing of last anthelmintic treatment, month and year of sampling in ewes and lambs, plus the age (yearling or not) and the suckling effort for the ewes as well as the sex of the lambs. The breed effect was highly significant, PL ewes xcreted three times fewer eggs than Bl. Also PL and WA lambs possessed 1.5 fewer nematode eggs in their faeces than Bl ones. It is concluded that introduction of Bl and WA for breeding will require more careful control of nematode infection than the management of the local long-wool breed.
Faecal egg counts per gram of faeces (EPGs) were measured over a period of two years (1995-1996) in Polish Wrzosówka ewes. Measurements were made at monthly intervals. The first examination in each years was conducted before the start of the grazing season, while the rest of the samples were collected during grazing season. The animals were drenched in May 1996 but not in 1995. EPG were estimated by modified McMaster method and were transformed by log (EPG+1) prior to analyses. Infective larvae of nematode species were identified according to the method described in Anonymous (1986). Meteorological data were collected to evaluate the influence of rainfall and temperature on the faecal egg counts. The MINITAB programme was used to calculate the correlation coefficient between EPGs in different sampling. There was substantial variation among individuals in their EPG. Several nematode species were present; however two nematode genera were dominant: Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus sp. The mean count and the composition of the nematode population was influenced by the weather conditions. H. contortus was the main egg producer during the period of high mean counts when the temperature and rainfall were highest. The correlations between EPG on successive sampling were positive and nearly always significant.
Relationship between faecal egg counts and haematological parameters: PCVs, peripheral eosinophil counts, total white blood cell counts (TWBCs) and white cells composition in blood of Polish Wrzosówka breed of sheep were estimated in 1995 and 1996. Hoggets were naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. Anthelmintics were not used. Among Teladorsagia circumcincta, Cooperia spp., Chabertia ovina, Nematodirus spp. (mainly N. spathiger) two species: Trichostrongylus spp. and Haemonchus contortus dominated. High repeatability of EPGs, PVCs and peripheral eosinophil counts were observed over two grazing seasons. There were no significant changes in TWBCs, in percentage of lymphocytes and neutrophils in blood smears. Marked differences in percentage of eosinophils in blood smears were confirmed in peripheral eosinophil counts. Additionally, the eosinophil counts in most sampling data correlated negatively with EPGs. The lowest level of haematocrit correlated negatively with EPGs when the highest percentage of L3 H. contortus larvae were found in the faecal culture. The results reveal that EPGs, PVCs and peripheral eosinophil counts could be considered in terms of phenotypic markers for identification of Wrzosówka sheep with different level of acquired immunity to natural trichostrongylid infection.
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