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1

Hard pellets from bats of Turkey

100%

Whitaker,Jr. J. O., Karatas A.

Acta Chiropterologica

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2010

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tom 12

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nr 1

2

The diet of field voles Microtus agrestis at low population density in upland Britain

72%

Wheeler P.

Acta Theriologica

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2005

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tom 50

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nr 4

483-492

Studies on field volesMicrotus agrestis Linnaeus, 1758 in lowland grasslands have shown them to be unselective grazers. The diet of the field vole in upland Britain was investigated using feeding trials with four of the dominant British upland monocots,Molinia caerulea,Nardus stricta, Deschampsia flexuosa and Eriophorum vaginatum. The suitability of faecal analysis was assessed and then used to analyse the diet of wild voles from faecal samples. Percentages of plant species in the faeces were compared to percentages on the ground in sites dominated byMolinia caerulea, Eriophorum vaginatum,Nardus stricta andCalluna vulgaris. Significant preferences for the grassDeschampsia flexuosa were observed in feeding trials and in the wild while the sedgeEriophorum vaginatum was avoided in both. There was no clear preference forMolinia caerulea andNardus stricta. Preference for plant species was related to palatability and nutrient content. The low nutrient conditions in British uplands mean that voles that live in these environments must be selective feeders to maximise nutrient intake.

3

The level of infection with gastro-intestinal nematodes in Svalbard reindeers from Hornsund area, Spitsbergen

72%

Popiolek M., Szczesna J., Kotusz J., Kusznierz J., Witkowski A.

Polish Polar Research

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2007

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tom 28

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nr 4

277-282

Eighty five faecal samples of the Svalbard reindeer inhabiting the coastal terrace of the northern side of Hornsund were collected in July 2005 and analyzed coprologically. The standard flotation method revealed a 97.6% prevalence of infection at an average intensity of 20 eggs in a single subsample. The quantitative, modified McMaster method helped to estimate the mean number of eggs in a gram of faeces (EPG) at 134.7. In the studied sampleseggs of nematodes representing two species, i.e. Ostertagia gruehneri (97.6%, on average 20 eggs in a sample) and Marshallagia marshalli (2.3%, single eggs), were identified.

4

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The Alice - "Follow the White Rabbit" - parasites of farm rabbits based on coproscopy

72%

Kornas S., Kowal J., Wierzbowska I., Basiaga M., Nosal P., Niedbala P.

Annals of Parasitology

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2015

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tom 61

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nr 4

The aim of the study, conducted in the years 2011–2013, was to determine the level of gastrointestinal parasites infection in New Zealand White rabbits, kept at the Experimental Station of the University of Agriculture in Krakow. The study showed rabbits protozoan infection with the genus Eimeria, belonging – based on the sporulation method – to the following species: E. magna, E. media, E. perforans, E. stiedae and E. irresidua. The highest prevalence of infection, as well as the intensity of oocysts output (OPG – oocysts per gram of faeces), was noted for E. magna and E. media – respectively 31.4 % (19477.3 OPG), and 40.0 % (14256.07 OPG). The infection of rabbits with Eimeria spp. differed significantly between years. With regard to oocysts output, the level of infection was strongly connected with the age of rabbits, being higher in young animals. However, the range of infection was highest among adults. Among nematodes, Passalurus ambiguus pinworm was regularly found (prevalence reached 21.9%), other species – Trichuris leporis, and Graphidium strigosum were rarely noted. The overall infection with nematodes did not differ between years. Similarly, as in the case of Eimeria older individuals were more often infected by nematodes. We observed some trends in parasite oocysts/eggs output; the protozoan oocysts were recorded more often in faecal samples collected in the evenings, whereas the nematodes eggs occurred frequently in the mornings. This situation may be related to the phenomenon of coprophagy occurring in the mammals of Lagomorpha order. The results of the study indicate that especially coccidiosis constitute permanently throughout the years an important problem in the rabbitry examined.

5

Feeding habits of the Eurasian lynx in the Swiss Jura Mountains determined by faecal analysis

72%

Weber J. M., Weissbrodt M.

Acta Theriologica

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1999

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tom 44

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nr 3

The feeding habits of the Eurasian lynx were investigated in the Swiss Jura Mountains. Fifty one food items were identified in 38 scats of which most were collected on lynx tracks. Wild ungulates - roe deer and chamois - contributed 47.1% of the overall diet, while hare and rodents represented 19.6% and 17.6% of the prey items.

6

Diet of the fat dormouse (Glis glis) on the northern periphery of its distributional range

58%

Juskaitis R., Baltrunaite L., Augute V.

Acta Theriologica

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2015

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tom 60

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nr 2

We studied the seasonal and annual variation in diet composition of the fat dormouse (Glis glis) in Lithuania, a locality situated on the northern periphery of the dormouse range and outside of the range of the European beech (Fagus sylvatica). After emergence from hibernation, dormice fed on oak acorns (from the previous year), inflorescences of various trees, vegetative parts of plants and food of animal origin (birds, their eggs and insects). In June, soft mast and seeds of birches supplemented the dormouse diet, and diet composition was the most diverse during this period. In July, raspberries and fruits of glossy buckthorn constituted the bulk of dormouse diet, but seeds of birches dominated in a specific year. Hard mast (mainly acorns) dominated the diet of G. glis from August until the beginning of hibernation in October. A high prevalence of acorns, comparatively high proportion of birch seeds and low proportion of food of animal origin in the diet, as well as feeding on fruits of glossy buckthorn, are specific features of feeding by G. glis in Lithuania. The diet of G. glis on the northern periphery of its range resembles its diet on the eastern periphery of the range where beech trees are also absent. According to the composition of G. glis diet, feeding conditions in both of these peripheral regions are poorer in comparison to central or southern regions.

7

Faecal Escherichia coli and Chlamydophila psittaci in the Superb Lyrebird Menura novaehollandiae: host sex and age effects

58%

Milne R. J., Poiani A., Coulson G., Auld R.

Acta Ornithologica

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2004

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tom 39

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nr 2

The Superb Lyrebird is a sexually dimorphic passerine that although is not considered endangered, it has been declining in population size since the 1940s due primarily to urban development. Recent reports suggest that lyrebirds may be threatened by chlamydial infection. We studied levels of faecal infection by two microparasites in lyrebirds: Chlamydophila psittaci and Escherichia coli in the Sherbrooke Forest, south-eastern Australia. Fresh faecal samples were obtained from 33 lyrebirds (15 adult females, 13 adult males and 5 juveniles) — estimated of 27.5% of the population, all of them tested negative to Ch. psittaci. E. coli prevalence was compared between adult males and females and no difference was found. This result is expected, for instance, if E. coli is sexually transmitted and lyrebirds are promiscuous. Trends for juveniles to be more parasitized than adults were detected, but they were statistically not significant. Behavioural analyses of video footage indicate that E. coli infected birds did not allocate more or less time to any of the activities considered than did non infected birds. This might suggest that E. coli infection in lyrebirds is relatively benign, and behavioural effects may thus be subtle. No significant differences were found in specific measurements of foraging behaviour but non infected birds tended to scratch more frequently than infected birds.

8

Faecal analysis as a method of nestling diet determination in insectivorous birds: a case study in Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus and Great Tits Parus major

58%

Michalski M., Nadolski J., Marciniak B., Loga B., Banbura J.

Acta Ornithologica

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2011

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tom 46

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nr 2

Insectivorous birds have very diversified diet, but particular species usually show some specialisation, which leads to a varying level of dependence on special prey. Their reproductive cycles are dependent on the availability of appropriate arthropods; in the case of Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus and Great Tits Parus major reproduction is usually coordinated with the availability of caterpillars as the key food for nestlings. Therefore a picture of nestling diet, with some estimates of the actual frequency of caterpillars and alternative prey, is an important component of explanations of aspects of Tit life-histories. As in most cases a rough assessment of diet composition and relative proportions of prey items is satisfactory, we suggest that faecal analysis is a feasible method to get such a picture. Droppings may be collected to examine the diet of individual nestlings grouped in broods, at a particular age stage or at many stages reflecting development. The most time-consuming part of this method includes segregation and identification of prey remains in the laboratory. We draw attention to the procedures and the most diagnostically useful features of arthropod prey of Tits. Especially, we provide clues to identification of the remains of different arthropods. As an example, clypeus proved to be the most valuable structure to identify caterpillars, while chelicerae were the most diagnostically significant in Arachnids. Exemplary results on diet spectrum for the Blue Tit and Great Tit are also presented. Faecal analysis is fast and effortless at the sampling stage, with almost all effort being postponed to the stage of laboratory work.

9

The first record of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus [Angistrongylidae: Nematoda] in Eurasian lynx [Lynx lynx L.] from Poland based on fecal analysis

58%

Szczesna J., Popiolek M., Schmidt K., Kowalczyk R.

Wiadomości Parazytologiczne

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2006

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tom 52

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nr 4

Material. Thirty eight fecal samples of Eurasian Lynx (Lynx lynx L.) collected in Białowieża Primeval Forest (E Poland) in years 2001-2004 were analysed. Results. The presence of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus (L1) larvae was evidenced by use of decantation and flotation methods. The general prevalence of the infection recorded during the study was 21.1%, whereas mean intensity was 11,5 (1-33 larvae per sample). To our knowledge, this is the first case of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus recorded in Euroasian lynx from Poland.

10

The effect of heather fragmentation and mixed grazing on the diet of sheep Ovis aries and red deer Cervus elaphus

58%

Cuartas P., Gordon I. J., Hester A. J., Perez-Barberia F. J., Hulbert J. A. R.

Acta Theriologica

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2000

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tom 45

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nr 3

The effects of vegetation fragmentation and mixed grazing (ie mono- or multi-species animal group) on the diet composition of sheep and red deer grazing mosaics of grassland and heather moorland was studied, using faecal cuticle analysis, in two experimental sites in Scotland during the summer of 1992 and 1993. On Site A, the influence of grassland fragmentation on diet composition was estimated for sheep and deer grazing together in plots where the grassland (20% of the area) was artificially distributed as one large, four medium or twelve small patches within a homogeneous moorland matrix (80% of the area). On Site B, differences in diet composition between animals grazing within mono-species (sheep or deer) and multi-species groups (sheep and deer together) were examined for each animal species. In this site all plots used contained a similar natural mosaic pattern of grass and heather (ie similar mixtures of patch sizes, with about 20% grass and 80% heather cover). On Site A, the proportions of grass in the diet of sheep (73%) and deer (27%) were found to be similar across all levels of grass fragmentation. A significant interaction was found between the pattern of fragmentation and the three periods in which the experiment was carried out. On Site B in 1992, sheep had more grass in their diet than did deer (52% vs 46%), and the diets of both sheep and deer responded in the same fashion when the species were grazing in mono- or multi-species groups, The consumption of grass decreased in both species throughout the period studied. Deer showed no change in the proportion of grass in their diet in the presence or absence of sheep in 1992 (deer 48% vs sheep 50%). But on Site B in 1993, the diet of sheep contained a significantly higher proportion of grasses when they were grazing with red deer (52%) than when they were grazing alone (38%). These results suggest that on grassland/heather moorland mosaics sheep may suffer intraspecies competition to a greater extent than do red deer, particularly where grass is in relatively low supply,

11

Effect of breeding conditions, phenology, and age on the occurrence of helminths in pigs. A preliminary study

51%

Popiolek M., Knecht D., Boruta O., Kot M.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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2009

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tom 53

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nr 2

213-220

Comparative faecal analysis-based research on the occurrence of helminths in pigs was conducted in two farms, which differ in their breeding system; in one, the pigs were kept indoors, while the pigs reared on the other had access to outdoor facilities. An examination of 118 faecal samples revealed the presence of the following four helminth species: Ascaris suum, Trichuris suis, Strongyloides ransomi, and Oesophagostomum sp. The helminth prevalence was very low (14.41%) and the mean number of eggs per sample being low as well (8.91%). The values of the basic parasitological indicators, and the richness of the species in the free- ranging herd proved significantly (P<0.007) higher than in the stock lacking access to outdoor facilities. The differences between the two pig farming systems compared were also found to be related to the age and phenology of the pigs studied.

Ograniczanie wyników

Hard pellets from bats of Turkey

The diet of field voles Microtus agrestis at low population density in upland Britain

The level of infection with gastro-intestinal nematodes in Svalbard reindeers from Hornsund area, Spitsbergen

The Alice - "Follow the White Rabbit" - parasites of farm rabbits based on coproscopy

Feeding habits of the Eurasian lynx in the Swiss Jura Mountains determined by faecal analysis

Diet of the fat dormouse (Glis glis) on the northern periphery of its distributional range

Faecal Escherichia coli and Chlamydophila psittaci in the Superb Lyrebird Menura novaehollandiae: host sex and age effects

Faecal analysis as a method of nestling diet determination in insectivorous birds: a case study in Blue Tits Cyanistes caeruleus and Great Tits Parus major

The first record of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus [Angistrongylidae: Nematoda] in Eurasian lynx [Lynx lynx L.] from Poland based on fecal analysis

The effect of heather fragmentation and mixed grazing on the diet of sheep Ovis aries and red deer Cervus elaphus

Effect of breeding conditions, phenology, and age on the occurrence of helminths in pigs. A preliminary study