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The research was conducted between 1994 and 2004 on the area of the Krakow- Czestochowa Upland. Insects were collected using the floatation and baited trap methods. Based on the data from the Catalogue of Polish Fauna, it was determined that 63 species of coprofagous Scarabaeoidea occurred in the Upland between 1866 and 1983. The current research confirmed the presence of 36 species of coprofagous beetles. Of the 63 species found in the past, 26 species were not confirmed as present. It turned out that 13 species of this group were found between 1866 and 1910, but their presence in this area was not confirmed until 2004. The disappearance of many species applies mainly to taxa with higher habitat requirements.
Multidisciplinary study of the Early–Middle Frasnian boundary in the north−western East European Platform (Main Devonian Field) allows evaluation of changes in facies, brachiopod, ostracod, and conodont associations, as well as carbon isotope composition. Brachiopod and ostracod faunas, characterized by predominance of rhynchonellids, spiriferids, podocopids, and platycopids in the Early Frasnian, and by predominance of spiriferids, palaeocopids, and kloedenellocopids in the Middle Frasinan, demonstrate significant changes in dominance and diversity likely caused by regressiontransgression couplets in the extremely shallow−water environment. Changes in diversity of the conodont associations, represented mainly by shallow−water polygnathids and spathognathids, are controlled by sea−level fluctuations as well; however significant evolutionary turnover is absent. Deepening pulses lead to an increasing in diversity of both the benthic and nectic groups, whilst regressions cause diversity fall due to progressive habitat reduction. Most prominent decreasing in the fauna diversity is observed in the late Early Frasnian (Dubnik time) coinciding with the regressive phase of the Late Givetian to Early Frasnian eustatic cycle. Positive−negative δ¹³C excursion, detected in brachiopod calcite from the early interval of the Middle Frasnian, can be correlated with global isotopic perturbations near the Frasnian substage boundary: the positive 2.6‰ δ¹³C excursion is probably linked with enhanced primary production in high−nutrient regimes in the epeiric sea.
Changes in the Apiformes fauna are discussed on the basis of the fauna of Poland and other European countries, starting from historical times. The presentation of contemporary changes accounts for different trends: (a) population decline or disappearance of some species (shrinking ranges), (b) population increases or expansion of other species. The fauna is described dynamically against the background of environmental change (fluctuation hypothesis). It is postulated that updated comprehensive studies of faunal resources need to be undertaken, concentrating on species diversity and density.
Butterflies (Lepidoptera: Rhopalocera) of the western part of Bydgoszcz (Poland) have been investigated for the period of 24 years. Significant changes in the fauna have been found.
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