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n the goniatite family Prionoceratidae, the transition from Mimimitoceras to Balvia provides an example of rapid size decrease resulting from progenesis. In the Prionoceras-Mimimitoceras stock the adult conch continued to be of rather uniform shape and size (about 60 mm) and species diversification was expressed mostly in changing juvenile morphology. In the Balvia branch, which had developed in the Wocklumeria Stufe, the adult size diminished strongly (not more than 16 mm). Progenetic Balvia displays conch morphology of ancestral Mimimitoceras juveniles, with distinct ornamentation types that were added terminally.
A new atrypid Waiotrypa sulcicarina gen. et sp. n. from the late Frasnian of the Holy Cross Mountains is proposed. The new genus is close to Iowatrypa Copper, 1973 from which it differs mainly in having a keeled pedicle valve and sulcate brachial valve. Waiotrypa is one of the latest atrypids prior to extinction of the order at the end of the Frasnian.
A new species of the poorly known lingulate brachiopod Schizobolus is described from the Famennian (Upper Devonian) of Poland. S. polonicus sp. n. has a triangular pedicle notch and a small listrium, indicating that it belongs to the Trematidae within the superfamily Discinoidea. S. polonicus retains some linguloid features, such as a linguloid-like 'pedicle groove' and a V-shaped imprint of the pedicle nerve. The disturbance band, which occurs in the apical part of the larval shell, probably delimits two stages of growth, namely pre-larval (embryonic?) and larval, or, early-larval and late-larval. S. polonicus is the youngest member of the genus, and of the family Trematidae. Five incompletely preserved discinids from the Famennian of Łagów are described as Trematidae gen. et sp. indet.
The Kowala section situated in the southern part of the Holy Cross Mountains represents continuous sedimentation in almost the same facies across the Devonian-Carboniferous (D-C) transition. The D-C boundary has been identified about two meters above the top of the cephalopod nodular limestone with Wocklumeria. In the transitional deposits of the latest Famennian (Prothognathodus kockeli Zone) several faunally distinct units that correspond to relative sea level changes in the area have been identified. Ostracods are abundant in the Kowala sequence. Their assemblages contain well known index species and new ones of the Thuringian and Entomozoacean ecotypes. A total of 15 probably planktonic entomozoaceans, and 64 benthic species have been identified. Healdia shangquii sp. n. and Mauryella polonica sp. n. are proposed. A major change in the ostracod fauna takes place above the limestone with Wocklumeria within the transitional interval represented by clays and claystones with tuffites in its middle part. Thuringian and Entomozoacean ecotype ostracods disappear and are replaced by more shallow water 'exotic' assemblaged ominated by Healdia, Mauryella and Monoceratina species. In the early Tournaisian rocks Thuringian-, Entomozoacean- and Bairdin-type ostracods reappear with some of the same species as before, and with new Carboniferous index taxa.
Calcareous octactinellid sponge spicules are abundant in the Givetian and early Frasnian organic buildups in the Holy Cross Mts and Siewierz anticline, Silesian Upland. Monaxone-bearing siliceous Demospongea (or ?lyssakid Hyalospongea) occupied coeval quiet-water basin habitats. Significant reorganization within these generally deeper-water associations occurred late in the Frasnian (a local rise of the lithistids associated with dictyids and lyssakids) and early in the Famennian (profusion of Hyalospongea).
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