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Reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing energy efficiency and using more renewable energy play an important role in European Energy Policy. Rural development should rely on the efficient use of local socio – economic – environmental resources. In Hungary, energetic self-preservation is a problem for households and local governments, even though wasting energy and poverty are both characteristic of them. 29.4% of produced final energy is consumed by the residential sector, and 15% is consumed by the (local) governmental sector. Paradoxically, increased investment activity related to EU applications had a negative impact on the financial position of local governments. The main reason for this situation was a lack of local governments’ own resources to cover the payment need of EU investments. In many cases this operation failed to result in additional own revenues and significant savings in expenditures. Furthermore, in 2010, an average Hungarian household spent 6.4% more money on home maintenance and household energy (and 6% less money on food and soft drinks) than in 2000. Various steps should be taken in order to change people’s environmental or energetic approach and increase community awareness. In the results of this study, I expound three case studies to justify the mentioned facts and describe the steps needed to be taken.
The article is devoted to temperature changes in the ground massif with the horizontal heat exchanger as an energy source for a heat pump. The article was aimed at analyzing temperature changes in the ground massif with the horizontal heat exchanger at the beginning, in the course of and at the end of the heating season. Another aim was to analyze temperature differences in the area of the horizontal exchanger and the reference lot. The heat flow utilized in the evaporator of heat pump was extracted from the ground exchanger (nominal output at the condenser was 10.5 kW). Temperatures of the ground massif with the horizontal heat exchanger were measured in its plane in depths of 0.75 m, 0.5 m and 0.25 m. The temperature inside the ground massif on the reference lot and ambient parameters were measured as well. It is obvious that the difference of energetic potentials inside the ground massif with the heat exchanger and on the reference lot is insignificant at the beginning of the heating season. During the heating season, the difference of ground massif energetic potentials increases; at the end it is constant. The difference of temperatures in horizontal planes was not significant at the beginning of the heating season; however, it gradually increased. Maximum differences were detected in the area of the heat exchanger. In higher strata, the difference between temperatures decreases. During a major part of the heating season, temperatures at pipes of the ground exchanger were negative. This fact affected amounts of heat extracted from the ground massif.
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