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Spiral, native thermotolerant Campylobacter strains transform, into spherical forms (coccoid) in unfavorable conditions. Electron microscopy, PCR and traditional microbiological methods were applied to "perform complex research in order to clarify whether Campylobacter spherical cells are sort of dormant form or rather degenerative form. It was found that during incubation of Campylobacter suspension in saline coccoid cells were formed and soon afterwards became damaged with the rate proportional to the temperature of incubation. Besides, during this process the sensitivity of Campylobacter assay byPCR gradually falls due to DNA degradation. The results indicate that Campylobacter coccoid forms may be recognized as an intermediate form during the death of bacterial population. For this reason such forms cannot be considered as "viable but nonculturable" forms often found in other species.
The paper presents the results of morphological examinations of the human cotyledons perfused in vitro and exposed to variable magnetic field (MF) during the 180-minute experiment. The cotyledon biopsies were collected immediately after perfusion and morphologically examined using the electron microscope. The control group C (10 perfusions) was not exposed to MF. In the experimental group E, (10 perfusions), the cotyledons were exposed to the 2mT, 50Hz variable magnetic field while in the experimental group E2 (10 perfusions) the 5mT, 50 Hz was used. In the groups E, and E2, numerous indentations of the sheath (areola) in the syntrophoblast nuclei were found, condensed (thickened) nuclear chromatin right beneath the sheath was substantially reduced and pyknosis was observed in some nuclei. The villi revealed widened vascular - epithelial membrane resulting from the oedema of the endothelial cells. Moreover, an increased number of collagen fibres in the villi and decreased number of active mitochondria were observed in the group E2
Whereas several reports describing the ultrastructure of the intact pancreatic islets have been recorded, published experience with the ultrastructural integrity of the cultured pancreatic islets is limited. The present study was, therefore, undertaken to provide an ultrastructure identification of the different cells in the cultured islets of the adult rat pancreas, after marking their secretory granules with gold particles. Pancreatic islets were isolated from adult male Wistar rats by the intraductal perfusion of collagenase technique. The islets were cultured in RPMI-1640 medium for 3 days and processed for preparation of ultrathin sections. The sections were stained with the indirect immunogold technique for insulin, glucagon, somatostatin, and pancreatic polypeptide. Ultrastructural examination of the cultured islets clearly identified the presence of B, A, D and PP-cells, as indicated by the numerous gold particles concentrated predominantly over the secretory granules. The secretory granules of the various cell types of the cultured islets demonstrated several similarities as well as differences from the recorded results of the corresponding secretory granules of the intact islets. The differences probably reflect a deviation in the underlying mechanisms of synthesis, maturation and secretion of the different secretory products of the cells in the cultured islets as they adapt to the in vitro environment.
Erysimum pieninicum (Zapał.) Pawł. (Brassicaceae) is an endemic species, growing only in Pieniny Mts. The aim of the presented work was to investigate its pollen morphology as well as its ultrastructural traits of pericarp and seed-coat. Pollen grains of this species were of small size, 3-zonocolpate with reticulate ornamentation. The external siliqua surface was of rugose sculpture, covered by numerous, stellate hairs. The internal surface of the fruit was naked and characterized by striate sculpture. The seed-coat ornamentation of E. pieninicum was of blister type.
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