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1

Obstetrical problems and stillbirth in beef cattle

100%
Citek J., Hradecka E., Rehout V., Hanusova L.
Animal Science Papers and Reports
|
2011
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tom 29
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nr 2
Out of 5970 calvings, 4.29% had an abnormal course (dystocia). The occurrence of stillbirths was 6.98% of all births and 4.15% of normal course births. Stillbirths occurred in 70.31% of dystocias. The highest frequency of stillbirths was in Blonde d´Aquitaine (8.59%) and the lowest in Gasconne (3.96%) cows. A narrow pelvis and an oversized foetus were the causes of more than 50% cases of dystocia. In Charolaise, an extremely high occurrence of oversized foetus, while in Blonde d´Aquitaine uterine inertia were found. A narrow pelvis was especially frequent as the cause of dystocia in the Aberdeen Angus and Limousine breeds. On analysis of stillbirths the most important effect was of the calving course with 24.47% impact on variability. Difficult calving increased the odds of stillbirth by 76 compared to normal calving. The heritability of stillbirth was estimated as 7.80%. It is recommended to restrict the use of sires with a higher incidence of dystocia or stillbirth in the offspring. As genetically determined variability is very low, other systematic measures are necessary to control stillbirth and dystocia. These are: supervision of the herd, obstetrical assistance, appropriate heifer rearing, mating cows at the proper live weight and proper nutrition during the pregnancy.
2

Total anti-oxidant capacity and oxidative stress in dairy cattle and their associations with dystocia

84%
Yokus B., Bademkiran S., Cakir D. U.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
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2007
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tom 63
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nr 02
167-170
The aim of study was to investigate pre-partum and postpartum changes in the total anti-oxidant capacity (TAC), total peroxide (TPX) and oxidative stress index (OSI) of cows with dystocia compared with healthy animals. The possible relationships between these markers and relevant blood parameters were also investigated. Examinations were performed in a herd of 200 Holstein cows, aged 3-6 years. Blood samples were taken both during the 7th month of pregnancy and within the first 15 minutes postpartum. After calving, the cows were divided into two groups according to the type of birth: Group 1 dystocia (n=16) and (Group 2) normal partum (n=21). Additionally, cows in the dystocia group were divided into three subgroups, according to the reason for the dystocia: absolute birth weight (the high birth weight of calf), twin pregnancy and presentation. The results indicated that there were no changes in oxidative stress either in dystocia or during normal parturition eutoci. Oxidative stress may be decreased using an antioxidant supplement during the pre-partum period. The study also showed that oxidative stress does not affect dystocia. It may also be concluded that additional antioxidant supplementation may be required in absolute birth weight and twin pregnancy to reduce TPX levels. Analyses of urea, uric acid, and creatinine, as well as the enzyme activities of lactate dehydrogenase, alanine and aspartate transferase pre-partum do not appear to be useful for predicting dystocia. However, decreasing serum total protein may be a parameter to be used in diagnosing pathological conditions in pregnancy - particularly during late pregnancy.
3
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Detection of heifers with dystocia using artificial neural networks with regard to ERalpha-BGLI, ERalpha-SNABI and CYP19-PVUII genotypes

84%
Zaborski D., Grzesiak W.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Zootechnica
|
2011
|
tom 10
|
nr 2
The aim of this study was to detect heifers with dystocia using artificial neural networks (ANN). A total of 531 calving records of Holstein-Friesian heifers of Black-and-White strain and 8 diagnostic variables were used. The output variable was the class of calving difficulty: difficult or easy. Perceptrons with one (MLP1) and two (MLP2) hidden layers and radial basis function (RBF) networks were investigated. The root mean square error and the structure of selected ANN (number of neurons in the input, hidden and output layers) were 0.22, 10-4-1; 0.25, 10-17-17-1 and 0.19, 10-25-1 for MLP1, MLP2 and RBF, respectively. The percentage of correctly recognized heifers with difficult and easy calvings and that of correctly diagnosed heifers from both categories for the training and validation sets were approx. 90%. The same values for the test set were 75-83%, 82–88% and 82–86%, respectively. In both cases, no significant differences in these proportions were found. The following variables contributed most to the detection of heifers with dystocia: gestation length, BCS index, CYP19-PvuII and ERα-BglI genotypes and percentage of HF genes in heifer’s genotype.
4

Effects of dystocia on lipid peroxidation and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in crossbred dairy cows

67%
Yildiz H., Simsek H., Saat N., Yuksel M.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
|
2011
|
tom 55
|
nr 1
The aim of the study was to evaluate oxidative stress in cows undergoing normal parturition and cows suffering from dystocia. The erythrocytic glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity, plasma vitamin A and ß-carotene concentrations, and paraoxonase - PONI activity were lowered (P0.001, P<0.01, 0.05, and 0.05, respectively) in cows with dystocia compared to normal calving cows. The erythrocytic malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was markedly increased in the dystocia group compared to normal calving group. However, erythrocytic glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activites, and plasma vitamin E and MDA concentrations were not significantly changed in the dystocia-affected cows in comparison to eutocia cows. In the difficult calving cows, there were significant correlations between the activities of GSH-Px and SOD (r=-0.4l, P<0.01), plasma ß-carotene levels and paraoxonase activity (r=0.34, P<0.05), body condition score (BCS) and plasma MDA (r=0.46, P<0.05). Similarly in the eutocia cows there were significant correlations between CAT activity and MDA concentration (r=-0.76, P<0.01), levels of plasma ß-carotene and PONI (r=0.58, P<0.01), BCS and MDA concentrations (r=0.50, P<0.05), and BCS and vitamin E (r=0.53, P<0.05) concentrations. These results suggests that evaluation of plasma vitamin A and ß-carotene concentrations, PONI and GSH-Px activities, and MDA concentration seems to be useful in the assessment of dystocia in cows.
5

Patologie okresu poporodowego u krów

51%
Hanzen C., Rao A.-S., Theron L., Siewruk K., Gajewski Z.
Lecznica Dużych Zwierząt. Ogólnopolski Kwartalnik dla Lekarzy Weterynarii
|
2015
|
tom 10
|
nr 4
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