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The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of energy contents in a dry period diets in “7+1” feeding strategy of dry cow including 7 weeks of the dry period (far-off) and 1 week of a close-up period, on colostrum quality and the immune status of calves. Forty Holstein multiparous cows were dried at 56d before the expected date of calving and were assigned to the higher energy diet group (HE; 0.69 UFL/kg DM, NDF 52% DM), or the lower energy diet group (LE; 0.61 UFL/1kg DM, NDF 56% DM). From -7d to the expected calving date up to 21 d of lactation, all cows were fed the same fresh, lactation diet. Samples of colostrum were collected within 2h after parturition and its density, dry matter content and concentrations of immunoglobulins, fat, protein, lactose, urea and somatic cell counts were measured. Calves were weighed 2 h after calving and on the 21d of life. On 3d and 21d of calves’ life blood samples were collected and the concentration of IgG, IgA, IgM, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) as well as total protein and albumin concentrations were determined. Treatments had no significant effect on composition of colostrum and serum immunoglobulins and IGF-1 concentration. In both groups the weight of calves at birth was similar, still daily body weight gain during 21 day of rearing period in HE group was higher than in the LE group (P=0.05).
The authors of the present paper made an attempt to determine frequency of average, dry and wet periods for months, seasons, half-years and years. Additionally a comparison of data recorded dur-ing 140 years allows to check the structure of excessively wet and excessively dry years’ patterns. The present paper is based on the Z. Kaczorowska’s classification (1962).
The work aimed at determining to what degree cattle herds were threatened with selenium deficiency on the basis of the concentration of this element in soil, feeds, and the blood serum of dry and lactating cows (in the 2nd, 4th, and 6th week of drying, and in the 2nd, 4th, and 6th week of lactation, respectively). The analysis of cow's body supply with selenium showed that selected dairy cattle farms in the Central-Eastern Poland were threatened with the deficiency of this element. Moderate hyposelenosis was found in the herds, whose state was requiring feed supplementation with selenium. Selenium concentration in cows' serum depended on the animal physiological condition, as well as the selenium concentration in soil and feeds, that the animals had received. An increase in the selenium level, amounting to 214.4, 226.0, and 260.8 nmol∙dm⁻³ in blood sampled in the 2nd, 4th, and 6th week of cows' drying off respectively, was recorded. An opposite relation was observed in lactating cows, in which during successive lactation weeks, decreasing selenium concentration in the blood serum (amounting to 250.9, 241.5, and 220.3 nmol∙dm⁻³, respectively) was oberved.
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