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Differences in the accumulation and redistribution of dry matter and Nmin content in the cultivation of two different maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars for grain

100%

Szulc P.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

2012

tom 21

nr 4

A field experiment was carried out in the Department of Agronomy of Poznań University of Life Sciences on the fields of the Research and Education Unit in Swadzim in 2009-10. Two different genotypes of maize cultivated for grain that exhibited different aging rates were compared: ES Palazzo and ES Paroli "stay-green"-type cultivar. The dynamics of dry matter accumulation were assessed 10 times every 14 days. We found that together with the progress of vegetation, the "stay-green" hybrid accumulated a significantly greater amount of dry matter in comparison with the traditional cultivar. During the generative development, the differences in production of dry matter of a single plant between the examined cultivar types were even significantly greater. The absolute growth rate (AGR) of dry matter of a single plant, leaf blades, and grain was higher for the "stay-green" hybrid when compared to the other examined cultivar. In order to assess the amount of soil mineral nitrogen remaining after plant harvesting in the autumn, the Nmin method was used in the present research. The soil mineral nitrogen content (N-NH₄+N-NO₃) after harvesting of ES Palazzo cultivar was significantly higher in comparison with the ES Paroli "stay-green" cultivar. A higher content of both mineral nitrogen forms after plant harvesting was observed in the 0-30 cm soil layer than in the 31-60 cm soil layer, irrespective of the type of maize hybrid. The content of nitrate nitrogen N-NO₃ in the total amount of Nmin in the 0-30 cm soil layer amounted to 79.6%, while at a depth of 31-60 cm it amounted to 81.2%. The examined cultivars affected the content of potassium and magnesium in soil after harvesting. However, no significant influence of maize hybrid type on the content of phosphorus and soil pH was found. A significantly lower amount of magnesium and potassium in soil after harvesting the "stay-green" cultivar when compared to the traditional cultivar proves that the main source of accumulation of these macroelements in the stage of generative growth are soil resources. This results from demand for these elements in the stage of maximum increase in biomass of generative yield. Such behavior of "stay-green"-type plants should imply a fertilization system with slow-acting fertilizers. Lack of magnesium and potassium in soil in the period of maturation of "stay-green"-type maize may be a classical example of the law of the minimum.

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Effect of zinc foliar application at an early stage of maize growth on patterns of nutrients and dry matter accumulation by the canopy. Part II. Nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation patterns

100%

Grzebisz W., Wronska M., Diatta J. B., Szczepaniak W.

Journal of Elementology

2008

tom 13

nr 1

A two-year field trial was carried out in order to outline reasons of maize grain yield increase due to foliar application of zinc, and to evaluate its effects on the dynamics of nitrogen and dry matter accumulation in the course of the growing season. Growth analysis methods were applied to describe the trends exhibited by the canopy and plant’s growth. Maize plants fertilized with zinc were able to increase the rate of nitrogen uptake, as indicated by the values of absolute crop uptake rate for N (CUR-N), at two distinct time-separated phases of growth, i.e., (i) from 7th to 9th leaf and (ii) from milk to physiological maturity of kernels growth. Physiological processes occurring in these two time-separated phases resulted in an increase of maize yielding capacity. The effect of zinc as recorded in the first phase resulted in extension rate of new organs or tissues ingrowth, as confirmed by the RGR analysis. At the reproductive phase of maize growth, plants well supplied with zinc accumulated more nitrogen, which was a prerequisite for significantly higher rate of dry matter accumulation, as confirmed both by CGR and RGR analyses. The amount of extra nitrogen taken up by Zn treated plants was sufficiently high to increase grain yield by 1.5 t ha-1, which was achieved in the conducted experiment.

Ograniczanie wyników

1 Journal of Elementology

1 Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

1 Diatta J. B.

1 Grzebisz W.

1 Szczepaniak W.

1 Szulc P.

1 Wronska M.

1 2012

1 2008

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Differences in the accumulation and redistribution of dry matter and Nmin content in the cultivation of two different maize (Zea mays L.) cultivars for grain

Effect of zinc foliar application at an early stage of maize growth on patterns of nutrients and dry matter accumulation by the canopy. Part II. Nitrogen uptake and dry matter accumulation patterns