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The study aimed at identifying the polymorphism of domestic pigeon αA-globin gene which can be a potential homing marker in selection of racing pigeons. A total of 329 domestic pigeons were genotyped using the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCRRFLP)method. The PCR products were digested with 17 restriction endonucleases. One RFLP – detected with HphI – was found in intron 1 and represented a C/T mutation. The second RFLP – detected with BseLI – was a point mutation in the 3’UTR region of the gene (C/T mutation). The polymorphism in the 3’UTR region of the pigeon αA-globin gene can potentially affect the stability of mRNA and modify the gene expression. The mechanisms of haemoglobin function reflecting variants of the αA-globin gene remain unknown.
Considering the dynamic development of domestic pigeons breeding in Poland, working out preventive programs for this species of birds becomes necessary. Preventive programs should be elaborated based on epizootic situation in a particular area and should be adapted to it. The aim of the present study was to evaluate of the occurrence of parasitic invasions in domestic pigeons in the Northern Poland. In years 2005/2006, 55 lofts of carrier pigeons and 11 lofts of fancy pigeons were examined. One hundred and three individual dropping samples collected during pigeon exhibitions were also investigated. The study revealed that 56.4% of carrier pigeons lofts and 90.9% of fancy pigeons lofts were infected by coccidia. Ascaridia (A.) columbae was found in 5.5% lofts of carrier and 15.5% of fancy pigeons on the exhibitions. Eggs of Capillaria (C.) obsignata were found in 3.6% carrier pigeons and in 36.4% fancy pigeons lofts. Trichomonas columbae were observed in 61.8% of carrier pigeons and in 100% of fancy pigeons lofts.
A total of 445 domestic pigeons were genotyped for the lactate dehydrogenase (LDHA) gene. Crude DNA was isolated from blood samples and feathers. Two polymorphic sites were identified in intron 6: one near the splice donor site GT is called site H and the other near the splice acceptor site is called site B. Interestingly, the nucleotide changes of both these sites associate perfectly with the A and B alleles of HaeIII polymorphism: the A allele with nucleotide A of site H and nucleotide T of site B; while the B allele with nucleotide G of site H and nucleotide G of site B. In this study, we have identified the molecular difference between alleles A and B of the pigeon LDHA gene. The difference at site H in intron 6 explains the Hae III polymorphism. The frequencies of LDHA AB and LDHA BB genotypes between the analysed groups differ significantly (P < 0.001); the LDHA A allele was more frequent in the groups of pigeons with elevated homing performance (P < 0.001). The functional difference may be due to the change at site B, the potential splice branch site. Since LDHA activity is associated with the homing ability, it is possible that during the process of selection for the homing ability, the LDHA A allele has been selected, and is more prevalent in the top-racing groups.
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