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Empirical drop size distribution data are presented in this paper. Study site was located in Wroclaw city (SE Poland). Disdrometric measurements were been carried out with use of laser monitoring system during single rainstorm on 09 June 2007. Empirical natural rainfall drops size distribution was described by a classical gamma function. Relationship between the drop diameters and its fall velocity for the natural rainfall is also studied with use of new technique based on the joint distribution function.
Investigations were carried out in a pine stand 80 years of age, 24 cm average diameter of breast height and 22 m tall. Both long-timber and medium-length assortments 1.8 and 2.4 m long were harvested. The performed analyses comprised: mean duration times at individual activities during operating time, structure of the operation time, as well as labour consumption during this time. The impact of the length and diameter of the harvested long timber on the above-mentioned characteristics of the harvesting process was assessed. Measurements of operation times were taken with the assistance of a stopwatch using the method of continuous timekeeping. Times of the following operations were identified and measured: site preparation, felling, fastening of the self wind-up measuring tape, cutting logs into assortments, measurement, returning to the end of the handled bole, cutting into rollers, walking over to the next tree to be felled. The obtained results of the investigations revealed statistically significant differences of mean duration times and mean shares of some operations in groups of trees of differing length and diameters. In the structure of the operating time, the highest shares were recorded for roller cutting and measurements. It was found that the diameter of the handled long timber exerted the strongest influence on the labour consumption of the harvested timber.
In prenatal and pediatric cardiovascular surgery knowledge of the various arrangements of the aortic arch and its branches as well as the normative data are essential. The variability and morphometric features of the brachiocephalic trunk in 131 human foetuses (65 male, 66 female) ranging from 15 to 34 weeks of gestation were studied by means of anatomical, digital and statistical methods. In all the foetuses examined the left aortic arches were found to have three different arrangements. In 74.05% of cases the usual pattern of the aortic arch with its three main branches were observed. A common origin of the brachiocephalic trunk and left common carotid artery occurred in 20.61% of individuals. In 5.34% of cases the left vertebral artery was an additional vessel and arose from the aortic arch between the left common carotid and subclavian arteries. No significant gender differences were found with respect to the brachiocephalic trunk (p ≥ 0.05). The developmental increase in length (r₁ = 0.78) and diameter (r₂ = 0.83) correlated with a linear function but the increase in volume in relation to age corresponded to a quadratic function (r₃ = 0.73). Our results show the largest increases in the brachiocephalic trunk according to the following parameters: the length — between the 4th and 5th, and 7th and 8th months, diameter — between the 8th and 9th months and volume — between the 4th and 5th, and 7th and 9th months of gestation (p £ 0.01). The present study constructs a normal range for the morphometric features of the foetal brachiocephalic trunk.
W pracy zbadano wpływ średnicy przerzynanego drewna (sosna) na drgania występujące na uchwytach przednim (podtrzymującym) i tylnym (sterującym) pilarki z piłą łańcuchową napędzaną silnikiem elektrycznym. Zakres pracy obejmował pomiar drgań na obu uchwytach pilarki przy przerzynce drewna o średnicach 5, 10, 15, 20 i 25 cm dolną i górną stroną prowadnicy. Otrzymane wyniki poddano analizie statystycznej z zastosowaniem programu Statistica 8.0 PL firmy Statsoft.
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