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1
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Hyperdontia: Exploring the developmental abnormality

100%
Arandi N. Z.
Journal of Pre-Clinical and Clinical Research
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2020
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tom 14
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nr 4
2
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Developmental abnormalities in chicken embryos after injection proteolysis inhibitors from Ascaris suum

86%
Blaszkowska J.
Wiadomości Parazytologiczne
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2002
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tom 48
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nr 1
It bas been found that trypsin and α-chymotrypsin inhibitors isolated from Ascaris suum act embryotoxically and teratogenically on White Leghorn clucken embryos. Mortatity rate for the chicken embryos on day 15 of incubation was 45.0 ± 3.5% after injection of trypsin inbibitor and 44.0 ± 3.5% after adminstration α-chymotrypsin inbibitor. Gross examination of surviving embryos and their dissection revealed pathological changes (abdominal dropsy, umbilical hernia, subcutaneous oedema, hemoperitoneum, hemopericardium), symptoms indicating retardation in growth (lack of down, retarded ossification of long bones, decreased mean body weight) as well as malformations (schistocelia, micrognathia, cyclopia, crossed beak, cranial deformities) after injection of inhibitors from Ascaris. The highest incidence of embryos with pathological changes and malformations was found after administralion of α-chymotrypsin inbibitor. The most commonly occurring abnormality was schistocelia (21.4 ± 3.88%). Growth malformations were not found in the control groups. The trypsin and α-chymotrypsin inhibitors present in Ascaris homogenate have a significant disturbing effect on the development of the chicken embryo.
3

Radiographic evaluation of joints in dogs with elbow dysplasia - clinical observations

72%
Komsta R., Debiak P., Twardowski P.
Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy
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2008
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tom 52
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nr 1
The objective of the study was to present the results of radiographic evaluations of elbow joints in dogs with recognised elbow dysplasia. The research covered 40 dogs, and both elbow joints of each animal were examined and graded. In a dysplastic joint, one or a few conditions resulting in the displasia were assessed as well as a degree of degenerative joint disease. In addition, the incidence of other disorders of the skeletal system was considered. In the dysplastic joints, fragmentation of the medial coronoid process (in 88.7%), along with joint incongruity (in 71.8%) were most frequently observed. The lesions were manifested with relatively slight clinical signs. The dogs were usually brought for the clinical and radiographic examinations when the progression of arthritic changes reached the 2nd grade in at least one joint (50% of the animals examined). A possibility for early detection of elbow dysplasia, if some other diseases of the skeletal system did not occur, was 20% in the examined group of dogs.
4

The ostrich and emu egg hatchability with reference to dead embryo analysis

58%
Wiercinska M., Szczerbinska D.
Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Biology
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2005
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tom 08
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nr 4
5
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Variation in premaxillary tooth count and a developmental abnormality in a tyrannosaurid dinosaur

58%
Miyashita T., Tanke D. H., Currie P. J.
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
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2010
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tom 55
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nr 4
Premaxillary tooth count tends to be stable amongst toothed dinosaurs, and most theropods have four teeth in each premaxilla. Only one case of bilaterally asymmetric variation is known in theropod premaxillary dentition, and there is no record of ontogenetic or individual variation in premaxillary tooth count. Based on these observations, a tyrannosaurid left premaxilla with three teeth (TMP 2007.20.124) is an interesting deviation and represents an unusual individual of Daspletosaurus sp. with a developmental abnormality. The lower number of teeth is coupled with relatively larger alveoli, each of which is capable of hosting a larger than normal tooth. This indicates that tooth size and dental count vary inversely, and instances of reduction in tooth count may arise from selection for increased tooth size. On the other hand, the conservative number of premaxillary teeth in most theropods implies strong developmental constraints and a functional trade−off between the dimensions of the premaxillary alveolar margin and the size of the teeth. In light of recent advances in the study of tooth morphogenesis, tooth count is a function of two parameters: dimensions of an odontogenic field for a tooth series, and dimensions of tooth positions. A probable developmental cause for the low tooth count of TMP 2007.20.124 is that the dimensions of the alveoli expanded by approximately a third during tooth morphogenesis. Numerical traits such as tooth count are difficult to treat in a phylogenetic analysis. When formulating a phylogenetic character, a potential alternative to simply counting is to rely on the morphological signature for developmental parameters that control the number of the element in question.
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