The larva of Enemothrombium bifoliosum (Canestrini, 1884) is described for the first time. Postlarval instars are redescribed and the neotype is designated. Diagnoses of adults, deutonymphs and larvae for Enemothrombium Berlese, 1910 and Valgothrombium Willmann, 1940 are provided. Parafeiderium culicoidium Vercammen-Grandjean et Cochrane, 1974 is transferred to Enemothrombium. Parafeiderium stuarti Baker, 1999 is transferred to Valgothrombium. Parafeiderium Vercammen-Grandjean et Cochrane, 1974 is considered a junior synonym of Enemothrombium Berlese, 1910. Lacinitrombium Southcott, 1994 and Furcotrombium Southcott, 1994 are synonymized with Valgothrombium. As a result, four new combinations arose: Enemothrombium culicoidium (Vercammen-Grandjean et Cochrane, 1974), comb, nov., Valgothrombium fluminis (Michener, 1946), comb, nov., Valgothrombium spasiscutum (Robaux, 1974), comb. nov. and Valgothrombium stuarti (Baker, 1999), comb. nov. Data about phenology, life cycle, development and parasitism of E. bifoliosum are reported. The phylogenetic position of Enemothrombium within Microtrombidiidae is discussed.
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