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This study was undertaken in order to determine the effects of the constant magnetic field (CMF) on the effectiveness of dairy wastewater treatment under anaerobic conditions. It demonstrated that increasing the value of the magnetic flux in the analyzed range resulted in an increasing effectiveness of the fermentation process. Magnets with induction of 0.38 [T] elicited significant changes in the analyzed parameters of methane fermentation. The magnetic field (MF) was observed to positively affect the sedimentation process of anaerobic sludge, reduced COD concentration in the effluent, and biogas production rate. In the most effective variant, the content of suspended matter in the treated wastewaters was reduced by 26.1% and the effectiveness of COD removal increased by 14.0%, compared to the variant without the application of the physical factor. Magnetic induction of 0.431 caused significant changes in the analyzed parameters of the methane fermentation process.
Survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 strain isolated from milk in Poland and an environmental E. coli strain in wastewater from Garwolin and Łowicz dairies and in activated sludges from dairy sewage treatment plants as well as in dairy wastewater with activated sludges was examined. Environmental materials were contaminated with about 10⁸ of target bacteria/ml of sample. The experiments were performed under temperature conditions typical of autumn-winter (6°) and spring-summer (24°C) seasons. It was found that the non-pathogenic E. coli strain survived longer in all media than the enterohemorrhagic serotype. E. coli O157:H7 bacteria were not detected (in direct plating method) in activated sludges after 21-28 days; in dairy wastewater as well as in wastewater with activated sludges after 21-25 days. These periods for environmental E. coli strain were 35-42 days (activated sludges), 25-28 days (wastewater with activated sludges). At higher temperature environmental E. coli were not detected in wastewater from Łowicz dairy sewage treatment plant after 25 days, but the bacteria were still present in wastewater from Garwolin dairy sewage tratment plant after 34 days. The obtained results show that the lack of environmental E. coli bacteria (as a indicator bacteria of fecal contamination) in dairy wastewater and in dairy wastewater with activated sludges could indicate the absence of pathogenic E. coli bacteria. Prolonged existence of the enterohemorrhagic serotype in activated sludges shows the need to treat activated sludges prior to the utilization of these materials as fertilizer.
We investigated an effect of the direct impact of a constant magnetic field on wastewater properties modification. Wastewater from two sources (differing in physical and chemical properties) was used in the experiment. Analyses regarded the impact of a constant magnetic field on the properties of wastewater prepared from powdered milk and on the composition of sewage taken directly from municipal sewage system. The experiment was carried out in the laboratory scale with the use of the technological systems comprised of magnetic activators of liquids. An obvious and regular reduction was observed in COD (25-55%), chlorides (25–40%), N-NH4 (50-66%), P-PO4 to the values of 3.37-6.00 mg/dm3, and a considerable increase of Fe concentration. The parameters of both magnetically-treated wastewater types were modified to a similar degree and displayed analogous modification tendencies.
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