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The paper aims to examine the influence of selected animal welfare aspects on the net farm income. Data used in the study were collected under the EDF (European Dairy Farmers) program in 280 farms representing 22 European countries. It was analyzed using the variance and covariance analysis. Following animal welfare aspects were taken into consideration: access to pasture, frequency of milking, culling rate, period between calvings and milk yield. Combinations of each two aspects were also taken into account. Milk production is one of the most important branches in Polish agriculture. Net farm income obtained by milk producers are influenced by factors related to animal welfare. It was found, that farms providing animals with access to pasture are characterized by lower culling rate and milk yield than farms not providing animals with access to pasture. At the same time farms providing animals with access to pasture obtain higher net farm income. The limitation in revenue causes by decreased in milk yield is recompensed by savings in costs. It might be supposed, that this result is related both, to improved health status of animals, and lower costs of feeding. That confirms, that access pasture is a very important determinant of net farm income. Another important factor determining net farm income in milk production is culling rate. Farms characterized by higher culling rate obtain lower net farm income.
The main aim of the study was to compare rearing effect of calves kept outdoor in individual hutches and indoor in group pens. During the experiments following measurements were taken: body weight, daily and monthly gains and mortality. Study was conducted on 90 calves from 5th to 90th days of age and measures were taken in 3 seasons - spring, summer - autumn and winter. All calves were fed with the same feed and according to the same schedule. Results reviled that during first month calves from both groups achieved the same daily gains. However, older calves kept indoor characterized themselves by better gains and body weight. During the experiment only 2 claves were lost (mortality rate - 2.2%).
Purpose. To compare the effectiveness of interviewer-led and postal surveys in gathering adequate health data for occupational health programmes among farmers. Methods. Two cross-sectional studies of farmers from southern New Zealand were conducted. Farms were randomly selected from the public land valuation roll and all farmers and farm workers invited to participate in the farmers' health study. First, 477 farms were invited to participate in an interviewer administered questionnaire and health check; and second, a further 432 farms were selected and invited to participate in a self-administered postal survey. Both groups completed the same questionnaire. Results. The response for the interviewer-led and postal surveys was 65.4% and 51.6% respectively. The 2 groups differed demographically, with fewer young farm workers in the postal survey, but were similar in all areas of health information collected, except that men in the interviewer-led survey were significantly more likely to have a psychological disturbance than men in the postal survey (chi 2 =5.06, df=1, p=0.024). Conclusions. Despite the interviewer-led survey having a higher response rate, the postal survey produced similar health data, which is adequate for planning occupational health programmes for farmers. Extra effort should be made to recruit younger farm workers in future research.
Automated control systems for technical processes in dairy farming. Monitored parameters, evaluated data and formed control and operating commands for technical processes of individual animal service are presented. Perspective directions for the development of automated control systems for technical processes of machinery milking, feeding, livestock and maintenance in dairy farming based on precision (highly accurate) technologies and technical means are substantiated.
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