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Productivity of Simmental and Montbeliarde cows culled in 2005–2016 taking into account the reasons for their culling

100%

Zolkiewski P., Stanek P., Janus E.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Zootechnica

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2018

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tom 17

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nr 1

2

Influence of cow temperament and milking speed on herd life, lifetime milk yield and reasons of cow culling

100%

Kalinska A., Slosarz J.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science

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2016

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tom 55[2]

Influence of cow temperament and milking speed on herd life, lifetime milk yield and reasons of cow culling.Importance of functional traits, longevity or reproduction traits increases continuously in present dairy cattle breeding. Effects of milking speed and cow temperament on herd life, lifetime milk yield and reasons of culling were estimated. The highest lifetime yield (p<0.01) of milk, fat and protein as well as life span and herd life had calm animals or slow milking cows. However, cows with normal temperament or fast milking had the highest (p<0.01) yield of milk fat and protein per one day of utilization. The main reason of culling were fertility and reproductive disorders (on average 41.2%), but 15.3% cows were culled because of udder diseases. Results suggest highly significant (p<0.01) influence of temperament and milking speed on life span, herd life, lifetime milk yield. Functional traits, longevity or fertility should be parts of breeding programs to balance dairy cattle selection and compensate negative influence of selection only towards milk yield that took place in the past.

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Has the condition of European bison deteriorated over last twenty years?

100%

Wolk E., Krasinska M.

Acta Theriologica

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2004

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tom 49

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nr 3

Twelve biochemical values of the serum (concentrations of sodium, potassium, calcium, glucose, urea nitrogen, creatinine, total protein, and enzyme activities of ALP, CPK, AspAT, A1AT, amylase) were determined for 102 bison Bison bonasus (Linnaeus, 1758) coming from the free-ranging population of the Białowieża Forest and from the breeding enclosure. The animals were culled in the winter periods of 2000/2001 and 2002/2003. In adult males only the activity of A1AT is significantly higher than in adult females. The remaining values do not differ significantly between the sexes in any of the three age groups (I - calves, II - youngsters, III - adults). Also, no significant differences in serum parameters were observed between healthy males and the ones exhibiting symptoms of posthitis/balanoposthitis. It was established that the following changes in the values of serum parameters are age-dependent: a decrease in potassium and glucose concentrations and the enzymatic activity of ALP, and an increase in AspAT activity. The results were compared to the corresponding data from the research carried out 20 years earlier (1980-1984) and it has been discovered that the values of seven parameters are significantly different as opposed to the previous results. The following differences were established: currently the concentrations of potassium and urea nitrogen are higher in all age groups; the concentration of glucose is higher in the groups of calves and youngsters; creatinine concentration is lower in adults; the activity of AspAT has increased in youngsters, only; the activity of A1AT has increased, and of amylase has decreased in all animals examined. The changes in the values of serum parameters were analysed in the context of data obtained from post-mortem examinations and we conclude that those changes reflect the growing number of patho- morphological changes in internal organs of the bison dissected. Changes localised mainly in the liver and lungs could be related to parasitical infestations; others were noted in kidneys and in the prepuce and penis area in the males with posthitis/balanoposthitis symptoms. In the discussion it is suggested that the deterioration of the physical condition of European bison inhabiting the Białowieża Forest may be connected to such environmental and populational factors as: winter supplementary feeding, winter aggregations, and a decline in immunity related to inbreeding.

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Vigilance in badgers Meles meles: the effects of group size and human persecution

100%

Tuyttens F. A. M., Stapley N., Stewart P. D., Macdonald D. W.

Acta Theriologica

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2001

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tom 46

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nr 1

Potential costs to badgers Meles meles (Linnaeus, 1758) of living in groups may be offset by the ability of a group to either improve predator detection, or reduce the time each individual must be vigilant to attain a certain likelihood of predator detection. Using an infra-red video-surveillance system, we show that badgers emerge later from their dens in a population that has been repeatedly subjected to lethal control by humans as compared to badgers from a nearby, undisturbed population. We further illustrate that, despite the apparent lack of a visual or vocal alarm signal to alert group members to a threat, corporate vigilance increases and individual vigilance levels decrease as badgers aggregate in groups (up to 4). These results highlight the possibility that the role of (human) predation in badger social evolution has not been sufficiently considered.

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Relation between clinical lameness and reproductive performance in dairy cows

80%

Olechnowicz J., Jaskowski J.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2011

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tom 67

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nr 01

Lameness of cows is an important factor influencing the longevity and performance of the herd, including milk yield losses. It has a negative impact on reproductive performance and constitutes an increasing risk for early culling. Claw disorders, such as white line diseases, sole ulcers or papillomatous digital dermatitis, are the most frequent causes of clinical lameness in dairy cows. Lameness most often appears within 100 days postpartum, and its incidence was calculated at 54.5 to 65% per 100 cows, whereas the mean prevalence of lameness has been estimated at 20.6%. Lame cows exhibit different oestrus behavior than non-lame cows. Above all, lame cows had a shorter oestrus, and an increased locomotion score was associated with a shorter time of standing and walking as a consequence of a longer time of lying down. A poor oestrus detection rate is likely to be a more important factor in reducing average fertility levels. Hence, the average conception rate and pregnancy rate for lame cows are lower, and the rates of services per conception are higher. Lame cows have a longer interval from calving to conception compared with non-lame cows. In the case of lame cows with lesions and multiple lesions this interval amounted to 140 and 170 days, respectively, as compared with 100 days for healthy cows. Ovarian cysts are observed in about 10-30% of lactating dairy cows and are more likely to occur within the first 80 days postpartum, i.e. during the same period when hoof disorders and lameness occur. Lameness in cows within the first 30 days postpartum was associated with a higher incidence of ovarian cysts, a lower likelihood of pregnancy and lower fertility than in non-lame cows. The effect of lameness on culling within the first 60 DIM was lower, but cows diagnosed in this period seemed to be at a greater risk of being culled between 121 and 240 DIM. Nevertheless, when deciding whether to cull a cow, one should consider such factors as parity, lactation stage, milk yield, reproductive performance, health, season and animal welfare.

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Analysis of game management in the Game Breeding Centres of the Poznan RDSF between 1995 and 2004

80%

Sobalak T. M.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2007-2008

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tom 49-50

An analysis of the functioning of 15 Game Breeding Centres was performed in the eight forest inspectorates of the Poznań Regional Directorate of State Forests (RDSF) between 1995 and 2004. It comprised a review of the costs and revenues of game management, the numbers of harvested cervids and wild boars, the quality of trophies, as well as the extent of tasks in the area of forest management, protection and utilization. The analysis showed that the Game Breeding Centres in the Poznań RDSF fulfilled, in majority, the tasks ensuing from the Game Law Act. The need for developing the principles of state policy was emphasized. Also, organizational changes were proposed to be introduced to the running of the Game Breeding Centres.

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Factors connected with pregnancy loss in dairy cows

80%

Gehrke M., Zbylut J.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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2011

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tom 55

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nr 3

The aim of the study was to determine the influence of chosen factors: subsequent lactations in which pregnancy was diagnosed, the month in which successful insemination was performed, the length of the calving-conception period, the number of inseminations, and the culling rate on the pregnancy loss index, and to evaluate the relationship between culling and risk of abortion. The analysis involved 1,056 pregnancies diagnosed in 378 cows during nine years of observations. An increase in the number of cows being in the third and following lactations in successive years was connected with an increasing pregnancy loss ratio up to 90 d after insemination (P=0.034) and decreasing pregnancy loss observed later (P=0.045). The pregnancy loss rate during the first trimester was the lowest in primiparous cows (4.73%). Simultaneously, in primiparous cows and in cows in the second lactation, the highest pregnancy loss rate between 91-260 d after insemination was noted (8.19% and 8.68%, respectively). It was demonstrated that pregnancy loss up to 90 d of its development was observed most frequently after inseminations made in April (P=0.027) and most seldom after inseminations made in August. Pregnaney losses in the second and third trimesters were the most frequently observed after inseminations performed in July (P=0.040) and October (P=0.031), and the most seldom when the inseminations were performed in April. Culling of primiparous cows decreased the risk of pregnancy loss after inseminations in the second lactation in the other cows.

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Dependencies between age at first calving and the intensity of culling and lifetime productivity of Black-and-White cows

80%

Pytlewski J., Antkowiak I.

Animal Science. Scientific Papers of Agricultural University of Poznan

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2005

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tom 07

9

Electrophysiological study on CO and CO2 euthanasia in mink (Mustela vison)

80%

Korhonen H. T., Cizinauskas S., Jesernics J.

Annals of Animal Science

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2012

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tom 12

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nr 4

Ograniczanie wyników

Productivity of Simmental and Montbeliarde cows culled in 2005–2016 taking into account the reasons for their culling

Influence of cow temperament and milking speed on herd life, lifetime milk yield and reasons of cow culling

Has the condition of European bison deteriorated over last twenty years?

Vigilance in badgers Meles meles: the effects of group size and human persecution

Relation between clinical lameness and reproductive performance in dairy cows

Analysis of game management in the Game Breeding Centres of the Poznan RDSF between 1995 and 2004

Factors connected with pregnancy loss in dairy cows

Dependencies between age at first calving and the intensity of culling and lifetime productivity of Black-and-White cows

Electrophysiological study on CO and CO2 euthanasia in mink (Mustela vison)