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1

Vegetative development, flowering, fruiting and saponin content in cultivated cowslip [Primula veris L.] plants

100%
Morozowska M.
Herba Polonica
|
2004
|
tom 50
|
nr 2
Morphological characterisation and the evaluation of growth and development of cultivated Primula veris L. plants were done according to different origin of seeds which the cultivated populations were started from and to two types of row spacing applied in the experimental plots. For each plant the number of leaves per plant and the rosette diameter were determined. At the flowering phase the number of scapes per plant, as well as the numbers of buds, flowers and fruits per plant and per scape were determined. The level of saponin content, converted to primulic acid, in rhizomes and roots of cowslip plants from natural and cultivated populations was assessed by means of the densytometric method. The growth and development of cowslip plants under cultivation conditions were more intensive at the plant spacing of 40 x 30, whereas fewer leaves dried on plants at the spacing of 30 x 15. The number of leaves and the diameter of leaf rosettes of the studied plants had a significant influence on the number of scapes per plant as well as on the number of flowers and fruits per plant. The saponin content in the underground organs of cowslip plants increased by 0.8-4.0% after transferring plants from natural habitats to cultivation conditions.
2

Studies on some seed traits of Primula veris L. plants from cultivated populations

100%
Morozowska A.
Herba Polonica
|
2004
|
tom 50
|
nr 3-4
The number and the weight of seeds per capsule were assessed along with the individual seed mass in cowslip plants of various origin, grown in plots with differing plant spacing. The potential seed productivity (the number of ovules per ovary) and the real seed yield (the number of seeds per capsule) were determined for the cultivated plants and the effect of seed origin and gibberellic acid (GAj) on germination capacity was evaluated under field conditions. The mean seed number per cap­sule for plants growing at the 40 x 30 spacing ranged from 31.2 to 64.4, whereas for the 30x15 spacing it ranged from 37.2 to 60.6 seeds per capsule, depending on the year of study and the flo­wer morph type. The seed number per capsule and the individual seed mass turned out to be traits dependent in a statistically significant way on the origin of seeds used to start the cultivated po­pulations. Plants from populations 2 and 3 produced the heaviest seeds (mean = 1.10 mg and 1.14 mg). The differentiation in the number of seeds per capsule and in the individual seed mass in fruits coming from the same scape was statistically significant. The mean number of ovules per ovary ranged from 64.8 to 71.0 and the mean seed number per capsule ranged from 46.2 to 51.7. The number and percentage of germinated .seeds ranged from 6 (4.0%) to 48 (32.0%), depending on the seed origin. Seeds treated with GA3 germinated in 36.0 to 813%.
3

Reproduction of Primula veris L. plants in populations from natural localities

100%
Morozowska M.
Herba Polonica
|
2004
|
tom 50
|
nr 3-4
The reproduction ability of Primula veris L. plants was described on the basis of six-year observa­tions on permanent plots in populations from natural localities. Cowslip individuals in different life stages were mapped according to topographical distribution. The vegetative multiplication symptoms of the plants were also recorded. The mean survival rate of seedlings to the juvenile sta­ge was similar in both populations, amounting to about 16.5%. The highest survival rate was found for juveniles (44.3-57.6%) and immature (31.4-48.6%) individuals, while the lowest number of indi­viduals turned from the virginile into the generative stage (2.2-5.7%). The efficiency of the gene­rative reproduction measured by the ratio of the number of generatively recruited flowering plants to the observed number of seedlings was 0.22-0.42%, depending on the population.
4

Genetic variation in natural and cultivated populations of Primula veris

67%
Morozowska M., Krzakowa M.
Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica
|
2003
|
tom 45
|
nr 2
Primula veris, a well-known pharmaceutical plant, is a long-lived perennial protected by law in Poland, so its rhizomes and roots can be collected as pharmaceutical stock only from cultivation. Genetic variation of three natural P. veris populations numbering 500-1200 individuals and of three cultivated populations derived from seeds collected from natural sites was investigated in respect of two enzyme systems: phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGD) and diaphorase (DIA). Four presumptive loci were identified from these two enzyme systems. In 6PGD, only one (6PGD-2) of two detected loci was polymorphic, consisting of three alleles a, b and c. Each of two electrophoretically detected loci in DIA was polymorphic and had two alleles. Comparison of the cultivated and natural populations revealed slight differentiation in the presence and composition of genotypes for 6PGD-2, while for DIA all populations except one preserved the same set of genotypes. Mean values of the polymorphism index for three loci ranged from 0.239 to 0.345 for natural populations and from 0.303 to 0.446 for cultivated populations, indicating that cultivated populations were more polymorphic than natural ones. The level of heterozygosity in the examined populations was very low. Mean values for Ho calculated for three polymorphic loci ranged from 0.033 to 0.056. The observed low heterozygosity level was confirmed by high values of Wright’s fixation index, ranging from 0.798 to 0.910.
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