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1
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Influence of microinjections of D,L-homocysteic acid into the botzinger complex area on the cough reflex in the cat

100%
Poliacek I., Corrie L. W., Rose M. J., Wang C., Bolser D. C.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
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2008
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tom 59
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nr 6
585-596
2
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Effects of intranasal capsaicin challenge on cough reflex in healthy human volunteers

100%
Plevkova J., Brozmanova M., Pecova R., Tatar M.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
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2004
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tom 55
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nr 3
101-106
Rhinosinusitis is the most common cause of chronic cough. There is clinical experience that cough can be elicited from lower airways including the larynx. However, there is no experimental evidence, that afferent nerve endings localized in the nose or sinuses can directly mediate the cough reflex. Stimulation of nasal afferents affects breathing pattern (apnea) and bronchial smooth muscles (nasobronchial reflex). The question arises of whether stimulation of nasal afferents could also interfere with the cough reflex. Intranasal capsaicin enhances the cough response in cats and guinea pigs. In the present study we address the problem of modulation of the cough response by intranasal capsaicin challenge in humans. Twelve healthy volunteers were recruited for the study. The effect of intranasal capsaicin (25µl, 750µM) and the airway cough threshold were determined at the start of the experiment. After that, cough response was provoked by inhalation of a tussigen during stimulation of nasal afferents with capsaicin and in control conditions in a randomized order. The cough response provoked during intranasal capsaicin was significantly enhanced compared with that during control conditions. Thus, the result was similar to that obtained in previous animal studies. The enhancement of the cough response could be explained by a facilitating interaction between the afferent information of nasal origin and the central neuronal network responsible for creation of cough pattern.
3
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Testing of cough reflex sensitivity in children suffering from allergic rhinitis and common cold

84%
Plevkova J., Varechova S., Brozmanova M., Tatar M.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
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2006
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tom 57
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nr 4
289-296
Cough associated with upper respiratory tract disorders is a common and troublesome problem in children and little is known about the etiology of this type of cough. This study examined the capsaicin cough sensitivity (CS) in children suffering from allergic rhinitis (AR) and upper respiratory tract infection (URI), comparing it with that in healthy children taken as controls (C). CS to capsaicin, spirometry, skin prick tests, and nose-throat examination were performed in 61 children grouped by the diagnosis of AR, URI, and C. The results, in order of C vs. AR vs. URI, expressed as a geometric mean (±95% CI) log10 µM of capsaicin for C2 (the lowest concentration of capsaicin in µmol/l required to induce 2 coughs) were: 1.8 (1.6-1.9) vs. 1.0 (0.8-1.2) vs. 0.48 (0.2-0.8), P<0.001 and for C5 (the lowest concentration of capsaicin in µmol/l required to induce 5 coughs) 2.9 (2.8-2.9) vs. 2.6 (2.5-2.6) vs. 2.1 (2.0 –2.3), P<0.05. We found that CS in children with AR, even when tested out of pollen season, was significantly heightened compared with controls. CS in children with URI was extremely high compared with both C and AR groups. We conclude that pathological processes in the nose of any etiology could cause a sensitization of the cough reflex with decreased cough threshold during asymptomatic period of AR. Cough also is enhanced by acute inflammation in the upper airways in nonatopic children.
4
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The interaction of dietary antioxidant vitamins and oxidative stress on cough reflex in guinea-pigs after long term oxygen therapy

84%
Brozmanova M., Plevkova J., Bartos V., Plank L., Javorka M., Tatar M.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
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2006
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tom 57
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nr 4
45-54
Inhalation of high concentration of oxygen produces oxidative stress in men and experimental animals. Our previous experiments showed that the cough reflex is suppressed in guinea pigs after exposure to 100% O2 for 60 hours. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of dietary antioxidant supplementation with vitamins C and E on hyperoxia-induced oxidative stress in airway and lung tissues directed on cough reflex. The experimental group (T-H, n=8) was pretreated with vitamins C (500 mg/kg) and E (300 mg/kg) for 4 weeks and subsequently exposed to 100% O2 for 60 hours. Hyperoxic group (H, n=8) received saline instead of antioxidants and then inhaled 100% O2 for 60 hours. Cough was induced by inhalation of citric acid aerosol in gradually increased concentration (0.05-1.6 M) at the end of antioxidant therapy and then at the end of exposure to 100% O2. Cough was also induced by mechanical stimulation of laryngopharyngeal (LPh) and tracheobronchial (TBr) region in anaesthetized animals just 1 hour after the end of oxygen exposure. Our results showed a tendency to a decrease in citric acid-induced cough in hyperoxic animals and an increase in animals with antioxidant therapy after hyperoxia. Antioxidant therapy significantly unblocked hyperoxia-induced down-regulation of cough (P=0.004). Significant changes also were obtained from mechanically-induced TBr cough [2.5(1-4) vs. 1.0(1-2); P<0.01] between the experimental and hyperoxic (control) animals. In conclusion, our results indicate a protective effect of antioxidant supplementation on oxidant-mediated cough depression.
5
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Evaluation of the cough reflex and airway reactivity in toluene- and ovalbumin-induced airway hyperresponsiveness

84%
Mokry J., Nosalova G.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
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2007
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tom 58
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nr 5
6
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Oral N-acetylcysteine reverses hyperoxia-related cough suppression in guinea pigs

67%
Brozmanova M., Plevkova J., Bartos V., Plank L., Javorka M., Masar J., Tatar M.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
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2007
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tom 58
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nr 5
7
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Changes of cough reflex sensitivity induced by cancer radiotherapy of chest and neck regions

67%
Javorkova N., Hajtmanova E., Kostkova L., Zamecnik L., Pecova R., Hanacek J., Tatar M.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
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2006
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tom 57
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nr 4
157-163
It is reasonable to suppose that airway mucosa can be damaged by irradiation applied to chest and neck regions. The inflammatory process is a consequence of an injury. Airway inflammation is one mechanism responsible for cough induction. So, one can suppose that radiotherapy (RT) focused on the patients' chest or neck may injure airway mucosa, which might change sensitivity of the nerve-endings mediating the cough reflex. The purpose of this study was to examine cough reflex sensitivity (CRS) in patients who underwent RT in the chest and neck regions. CRS test using capsaicin was performed in patients with breast cancer (Group A, n=19), and with lung or neck cancer in (Group B, n=14) who underwent RT. Capsaicin aerosol in doubled concentrations (0.49-1000 µM) was inhaled by a single breath. CRS was defined as the lowest capsaicin concentration that evoked 2 or more coughs (C2). Radiation doses ranged from 40 to 70 Gy. Capsaicin cough challenge was performed before and then in the 2nd and 5th week of RT. We observed a significantly reduced value of C2, i.e., increased cough reflex sensitivity, in Group B in the 2nd week of RT (P= 0.04). We conclude that CRS in the lung or neck cancer patients undergoing RT is significantly enhanced, which could result from injury to the nerve endings in airway mucosa.
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