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The observational results of the morphology of the coronary sinus valve are presented in this study. Research was condyucted on material consisting of l00 adult human hearts of both sexes from l8 to 87 years of age. Basic morphological types of the examined structure are distiguished and the main traits regarding their histological nature are presented.
Direct analyses were performed on 50 hearts submitted for post mortem examination. The remaining hearts were examined by the corrosion method. The aim of the work was to assess the morphology of the small cardiac vein. The small cardiac vein, which runs along the back surface of the coronary sulcus, would usually drain into the coronary sinus at its right side (86% of cases). Cases of the small cardiac vein draining into the middle cardiac vein were also noticed (12%) or directly into the right atrium (1%). In 1% of the preparations it ran along the right margin in the direction of the apex of the heart. In 30% of the corrosion preparations the small cardiac vein was not accessible with the help of corrosion. In 24% of the dissection preparations it was not possible to reach the small cardiac vein with the help of dissection. A statistically significant relationship was observed between the frequency of the presence or absence of the small cardiac vein and the sex of the donor (p > 0.001). In the group examined the percentage of men who did not have the small cardiac vein was 6 times higher than among the woman. There was no evidence for any statistically significant dependence between the frequency of occurrence or of absence of the small cardiac vein and the technique employed.
Considerating the origin of the coronary sinus and the oblique vein of the left atrium, both are remnants of the left horn of the embryonal venous sinus. The studies were carried out on 100 human cadaver hearts. The causes of death were not cardiac reasons, no detectable changes in the coronary arteries. In the study, dissections and corrosion technique were used. Heart veins were filled by metacrylan through the coronary sinus. The beginning, the course, the tributaries and the ostium oblique vein of the left atrium to the coronary sinus were investigated. The variability of the length and the venous tributaries and the ostium of the oblique vein of the left atrium were noticed. The variability of the venous tributaries (the dendritic, forked and simple types of the tributaries) was noticed. Four groups of ostium were observed. The ostium oblique vein of the left atrium was situated at the level of: the posterior vein of the left ventricle and also the great cardiac vein, the posterior vein of the left ventricle, the great cardiac vein and the independence ostium.
Described by many authors, valves refer to the coronary sinus. The best known among them are Thebesius and Vieussen valves. Information about valves in the lumen of the coronary sinus, though, is rarely found in anatomic literature. Frequency of occurrence of valves in the lumen of the coronary sinus and the degree of their formation was chartered in this paper. 150 adult human hearts of both sexes from 18 to 85 years of age were tested, fixed in a formalin/ethanol solution. Classical macroscopic anatomical methods were used. The valves in the sinus lumen were observed in 10% of the tested hearts, usually presented as incomplete single ones (7.3%).
The aim of this work is to determine morphological and topographical aspects of the great cardiac vein, especially its relation to the branches of the left coronary artery. The examination of the cardiac veins was carried out on 36 specimens of hearts of both sexes aged between 12 and 70 and without any known history of change in cardiac pathology. The techniques applied by us were anatomical dissection and retrograde injection of the coronary vessels with Polimal 100, Polimal 150 and Durakryl resin. We examined the topography and morphology of the great cardiac vein and the mutual correlation between the great cardiac vein and the branches of the left coronary artery.
The Vieussen valve is situated at the ostium of the great cardiac vein to the coronary sinus. There are no details about its shape in anatomic literature. The tested material consisted of 150 adult human hearts of both sexes from 18 to 85 years of age, fixed in a formalin/ethanol solution. Classical macroscopic anatomical methods were used. The Vieussen valve was found in about 65% of the tested material. It showed a large variability in terms of morphology.
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