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Four male and 8 female captive pine martens Martes americana (Turton, 1806) were observed for signs of mating. Behavioural changes associated with the breeding season began in mid-June. Subjective observation indicated that the frequency of abdominal scent marking and body contact between males and females increased from June through July and decreased during August. Aggression between females in­creased markedly during the breeding season. The animals emitted diverse vocaliza­tions, including a throaty chuckle that was associated with breeding and that was indistinguishable by observers from a call emitted when females appeared to be consoling young kits. Copulation was observed on 4 occasions during July in one pair of martens, and was typical of that described for Martes species in general. Two individual copulatory acts were timed and lasted 5 and 14.5 min, respectively. The female appeared to control the timing and duration of copulation and seemed in one instance to actively solicit the attention of the male.
The reproductive behaviour of Tatera indica cuvieri (Waterhouse, 1838) has been evaluated in detail. It involves 1 to 4 series, with each series composed of mounts, intromissions, and ending up with ejaculation. Quantitative measures of the copulatory behavioural variables indicate significant difference across the 4 series. While intro­mission duration and thrust frequency progressively increased across the 4 series, significant decrease was observed regarding postejaculatory interval. After the final ejaculation, the male resorted to a state of continued copulatory activity, referred to as postejaculatory copulation (PEC). Higher levels of copulatory activity are observed during this phase as evidenced by increases in total number of intromissions, duration of intromissions and thrust frequency. Further, the postejaculatory copulation is of considerable significance in inducing pregnancy in females, the chance of pregnancy being higher if the female is subjected to PEC.
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