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1

Zinc and copper fractions in soil contaminated with nickel

100%
Kuziemska B., Wieremiej W., Jaremko D.
Polish Journal of Soil Science
|
2015
|
tom 48
|
nr 1
Soil subject to a three-year pot experiment was analyzed, in which the following factors were considered: (i) soil contamination with nickel (0, 75, 150 and 225 mg Ni kg⁻¹ of soil); (ii) liming (0 Ca and Ca in a dose calculated according to 1 Hh of soil); (iii) organic fertilization (with no organic fertilization, rye straw and brown coal from the Turów coalmine). The test plant was orchardgrass, which was harvested in the amount of four cuts each year of the experiment. The copper and zinc fractions were assessed using the BCR method, whereas the pH was calculated using the potentiometer method. The total content of copper and zinc in the analyzed soil did not exceed the values of the geochemical background of the soils of Poland. No impact of the varied content of nickel in the soil on the total content and distribution of Cu and Zn was found in the investigated fractions. Liming caused an increase in the total content of zinc in the analyzed soil and a decrease in the content of Cu and Zn in the F1 fraction. The straw and brown coal caused an increase in the content of both metals in the soil in the F3 fraction.
2
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Ultrasound assisted extraction for determination of mobile fractions of copper in soil

75%
Lesniewska B., Swierad E., Lukowski A., Wiater J., Godlewska-Zylkiewicz B.
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
|
2014
|
tom 65
|
nr 1
Background. For evaluation of the mobility of metals present in soil various approaches based on sequential extraction procedures (Tessier’s, BCR or modified BCR) have been proposed, but they are very laborious and time-consuming. Objective. The aim of this study was to develop a new fast extraction procedure for the determination of mobile fractions of copper in soil. Material and methods. The samples of soil that vary in terms of physicochemical properties and certified reference material (BCR-701) were used in this study. The three-stage modified BCR procedure used for fractionation of copper in soil was accelerated by ultrasound irradiation using an ultrasonic probe. The content of copper in soil extracts was determined by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ETAAS). Results. The extraction conditions for separation of mobile fractions of copper from soil with the use of ultrasonic probe were optimized. The working parameters of the probe were as follows: the power was 15 W for all fractions while the sonication time was 7 min, 10 min and 6 min for fraction I, fraction II and fraction III, respectively. The developed procedure was validated; linearity of calibration graphs, limit of detection and limit of quantification, accuracy and repeatability of the procedure were evaluated. The content of copper in fraction I-III in soil samples collected from Podlaskie Voivodeship was at the level of 0.09-1.92 mg·kg-1, whereas its pseudo-total content was in the range 2.75-9.75 mg·kg-1. Conclusions. The developed ultrasound assisted sequential extraction procedure allowed for shortening the total extraction time from 48 h to 27 minutes in comparison to conventional modified BCR procedure. The studied soil contains a low pool of copper bioavailable to plants because a sum of mobile fractions (FI-FIII) represents only 22-46% of its pseudo-total content.
3

The influence of mineral fertilization on heavy metal fraction contents in soil. Part II: Copper and nickel

63%
Lukowski A., Wiater J.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2009
|
tom 18
|
nr 4
645-650
The aim of our study was to estimate the influence of mineral fertilization on the contents of various copper and nickel forms in soil. It was based upon a field experiment made up of ten plots. In average soil samples taken in 2002-04, the pseudo-total copper and nickel content was determined. Chemical forms of these metals, by modified BCR method, were also determined. The nickel content in particular fractions can be arranged quantitatively (average values) in order as follows: F2 (21%) > F3 (18%) > F1 (8%), in the case of copper: F2 (37%)>F3 (14%)>F1 (11%). The accumulation of nickel in the soil during the experiment was not observed. Whereas slight copper accumulation in some plots (with Polifoska 6, Polimag 305, calcium sulfate tetraurea and phosphogypsum) was noted. During the experiment the most mobile nickel and copper forms (soluble + exchangeable fraction) increased.
4

Copper distribution and quantity-intensity parameters of highly contaminated soils in the vicinity of a copper plant

51%
Diatta J. B., Kocialkowski W. Z., Grzebisz W.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
|
2000
|
tom 09
|
nr 5
355-361
Four soil samples were collected in areas adjacent (sanitary zone) to the Głogów Copper Plant (Poland). They were mostly acidic (pH 4.55 - 4.71) and the total varied widely in their total copper content from 17.03 to 44.07 cMc/kg. The basic copper fractions were determined according to McLaren and Crawford sequential extraction method. Copper of the solution (intensity) expressed as the equilibrium activity ratio, ARoCu when Cu was neither gained nor lost (that is DCuo = 0) as well as labile Cu (LCu) was related to the solid soil phase (quantity) considered as the buffering capacity (BCCu) of the given soils were calculated. The Q/I parameters were estimated at two ionic strengths: 0.005 and 0.010M CaCl2. It was found that all parameters depended on the ionic strength and higher values were obtained at 0.010M CaCl2. An adverse case occurred for the energy of replacement of calcium by copper (DF). Soil properties primarily influenced the magnitude of the Q/I parameters and secondly the high levels of exchangeable and labile soil copper. The low affinity of these soils for copper estimated by the Gapon selectivity coefficients (KG) supported this assumption.
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