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Breaking of seed dormancy, germination and seedling emergence of the common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.)

100%
Bujarska-Borkowska B.
Dendrobiology
|
2002
|
tom 47 Supplement
The most advantageous time for collecting fruits of the common hawthorn (Crataegus monogyna Jacq.) falls on October, when they are fully ripe. The stones extracted from the fruits must be dried at room temperature to the moisture content of about 10%. The dormancy of the common hawthorn seeds can be overcome by their stratification in a moist medium in one of the three thermal regimes: - 25°/3°C (16 weeks at 25°C followed by 15-18 weeks at 3°C, i.e. to the time when the first seedlings start to appear) - 20~30°/3°C (16 weeks at 20~30°C (16+8 hrs/day) followed by 15-18 weeks at 3°C, i.e. to the time when first seedlings start to appear) - 20~30°/3°C (16 weeks at 20~30°C (24+24 hrs) followed by 15-18 weeks at 3°C, i.e. to the time when first seedlings start to appear) Having been stratified, the seeds germinate vigorously (in 3-5 weeks) and at a high percentage at temperatures of 3~10°, 3~15°, 3~20° and 3~25°C, (16+8 hrs/day) and the seedlings emerge at 3~20°C (16+8 hrs/day) in 4-6 weeks. Storage for one year at -3°C in the case of the seeds dried after harvest to the moisture content of 10% does not reduce their germination capacity. Stones scarification in concentrated sulphuric acid for 120 minutes followed by stratification at 3°C has an adverse effect on seed emergence at the temperature 3~20°C (16+8 hrs/day). It is recommended that stratified seeds should be sown into the still cool soil at the end of March or the beginning of April, as the increased temperature induces the secondary dormancy in seeds.
2

Cynk i miedz w roslinach leczniczych i ich wyciagach wodnych

61%
Witoszynska T., Jendryszko A.
Bromatologia i Chemia Toksykologiczna
|
1993
|
tom 26
|
nr 3
203-204
3

Wpływ warunków atmosferycznych na występowanie rdzy i innych chorób głogów

51%
Werner M., Golebniak B.
Progress in Plant Protection
|
2010
|
tom 50
|
nr 1
The health status of hawthorns growing in different greenery areas of Poznań was evaluated in 2008–2009. In 2008 rust symptoms caused by Gymnosporangium confusum were observed on both Crataegus monogyna and C. oxyacantha, but in the next year the rust did not occur. In 2009 the powdery mildew caused by Phyllactinia corylea on the lower side of leaves of C. monogyna as well as Entomosporium leaf spot on C. oxyacantha were found. The leaf spot was caused by the fungus Entomosporium maculatum (syn. E. mespili) which has the perfect stage Fabraea maculata (syn. Diplocarpon maculatum). The first symptoms of this disease were small (1–2 mm diameter), brownish spots on the upper side of leaves in the early summer. Rainy weather in May, June and July of 2009 stimulated the development and spread of Entomosporium leaf spot. The defoliation was due to this disease. Conidia of E. maculatum are very characteristic, resembling minute insects.
4

Antioxidant activity of selected herbal plants

41%
Duda-Chodak A., Tarko T., Rus M.
Herba Polonica
|
2009
|
tom 55
|
nr 4
65-77
The main aim of the study was to evaluate the antioxidant activity and total polyphenols content in fifteen herbal plants, such as chamomile flower head, oak bark, St. John’s-wort herb, hawthorn flower, dog rose and elder fruits, lingonberry leaf, and many more. From the herbs both the water and methanolic extracts were prepared. The highest antioxidant activity and the highest polyphenols level were obtained for lingonberry leaves (1752.9 mg Trolox/g d.w. and 199.6 mg catechin/g d.w., respectively). The oak bark, St. John’s-wort herb, and flowers of hawthorn and elder were also a very valuable source of antioxidant compounds. It was demonstrated that, in contrary to water, methanol was more efficient solvent for extraction of antioxidant compounds from lingonberry leaf, lime flower, fruits of elder and doge rose, oak bark, flowers of hawthorn, St. John’s-wort herb and heartsease herb. Therapeutic activity of some examined herbs did not depend on antioxidant activity.
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