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In the present work, 2,3,5-triiodobenzoic acid (TIBA) was applied to uncooled tu­lip bulbs, cultivars Apeldoorn and Gudoshnik, before flower bud formation, at the beginning of July and after flower bud formation, in October and November. Shoot growth and flowering of partially dry-cooled bulbs were substantially stimulated. These results strongly suggest that TIBA partially replaces the cold requirement of the tulip bulbs. In addition, the effect of TIBA is similar to gibberellins applied exogen- ously to the bulbs. Such a gibberellin application partially substitutes for cold treat­ment. Gibberellin application stimulates shoot growth and flowering of tulips. The mode of action of TIBA is discussed in relation to auxin action in tulips.
Wildolive seeds (Olea europaea L. var. sylvestris), calledoleaster do not germinate when placedunder favourable conditions. In a series of experiments the effects of the harvest date, the endosperm, the tegument, andthe coldtreatment were evaluatedon germination of seeds andembryos. The germination percentage of embryos and seeds harvested at different harvest dates increased during October month, these percentages decreased during November month, whereas no seeds and embryos harvested on the middle of December germinated. Embryo germinability was always higher than seed germinability, and this may be due to an inhibiting effect of the teguments and the endosperm on seed germination. Such dormancy, which gradually increased during maturation, could reside mainly in the endosperm and partly within the embryo. The cold treatment at 4°C for four to thirteen days increased seed and embryo germinability, whereas lengthening time at this temperature showeda negative effect on seedgermination. The germination of seeds andembryos from six wildolive trees was also examinedby recording the germination percentage andminimum imbibition time (Tmi).
The effect of cold pretreatment of spikes on somatic embryo induction and anther culture response of 25 F₁ winter wheat hybrids was investigated. The efficiency of androgenic embryos was the highest when spikes were incubated at 4°C for 6-9 days. A total of 2242 (73.0%) green and 885 (27.0%) albino plants were obtained from 9900 cultured anthers. Anther culture response in wheat was found to be markedly affected by the genotype of donor plants. The percentage of green plants varied from 0 to 115.7%. A great majority of anther-derived regenerants were haploids (82.35%), while the remaining plants were spontanoeus diploids (13.73%) and aneuploids (3.92%).
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