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1

rDNA-based genotyping of clinical isolates of Candida albicans

100%
Nawrot U., Pajaczkowska M., Wlodarczyk K., Mecler I.
Polish Journal of Microbiology
|
2010
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
The study presents an analysis of the restriction pattern of rDNA fragments of 95 C. albicans isolates previously classified on the basis of the presence of the intron in rDNA into genotypes A (62 isolates), B (28), and C (5). Most isolates (61) with genotype A were classified as "subtype a" and one as "subtype d" (Karahan and Akar; 2005). No differences were observed in the restriction patterns of the tested genotype B isolates. Similarly, most genotype C strains (4/5) showed the same restriction pattern. The results indicate low subtyping variations of the analyzed isolates, which is in contrast to published data obtained from a Turkish collection of yeasts.
2

Cytotoxic activity of Serratia marcescens clinical isolates

100%
Krzyminska S., Raczkowska M., Kaznowski A.
Polish Journal of Microbiology
|
2010
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
Twenty Serratia marcescens isolates from clinical specimens were examined for their cytotoxic activity on four cell lines (HEp-2, Vero, CHO, J774). Most of the isolates were found to be cytotoxic to CHO (70%), Vero (75%) and HEp-2 cells (90%). CHO cells were the most sensitive to cell-free supematants, followed by HEp-2 and Vero cells. Two strains produced cytotonic toxins which caused elongation of CHO cells. Moreover, twelve isolates (60%) revealed cytotoxic potential to macrophage cell line J774. The results indicate that these bacteria may destroy phagocytes and epithelial cells, which may lead to spread within the host.
3

Genetic diversity of Trichomonas vaginalis clinical isolates according to restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of the 60-kDa proteinase gene

100%
Hernandez H., Fraga J., Marcet R., Alba A., Figueredo M., Alfonso Y., Rojas L., Sarracent J.
Acta Parasitologica
|
2019
|
tom 64
|
nr 2
4

Comparison of multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis with multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis for Enterococcus faecalis

84%
Sadowy E., Sienko A., Hryniewicz W.
Polish Journal of Microbiology
|
2011
|
tom 60
|
nr 4
Enterococcus faecalis represents recently an important etiological agent of health care-associated infections (HAIs) and there is a need for evaluation and comparison of typing methods available for this microorganism. We tested multilocus VNTR (variable-number tandem repeats) analysis (MLVA) on a well-characterized collection of 153 clinical isolates of E. faecalis, corresponding to 52 multilocus sequence types and 67 pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) profiles. MLVA showed high discriminatory power, discerning 111 different types (diversity index equal 98.9%). The concordance MLVA/MLST and MLVA/PFGE was 0.95 and 0.74, respectively. High discriminatory power of MLVA indicates its utility for local epidemiology such as outbreak investigation, and for differentiation of clones defined by other methods.
5

Evaluation of different methods for detection of metallo-beta-lactamases in Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates

84%
Bogiel T., Deptula A., Gospodarek E.
Polish Journal of Microbiology
|
2010
|
tom 59
|
nr 1
45-48
Metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are a serious threat due to their ability to be transmitted between the same as well as different bacterial species. Different methods are applied in the clinical laboratory to detect MBLs. The aim of this study was to compare 4 phenotypic methods and a PCR assay for their ability to detect MBLs in clinical isolates of carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains. The study embraced a total of 70 carbapenem-resistant P. aeruginosa strains isolated in The Department of Microbiology of Dr A. Jurasz University Hospital in Bydgoszcz. The highest percentage (42.9%) of the strains were isolated from Intensive Care Unit patients, mainly from urine samples (31.4%). Methods used in this study were: double-disc synergy tests in two combinations: using ceftazidime with 2-mercaptopropionic acid and imipenem with EDTA, differences in inhibition zone diameters between discs with imipenem/ EDTA and imipenem, Etest MBL (AB Biodisk) and molecular amplification of blaIMP and blaVIM blaym genes responsible for producing MBLs, using PCR assay. The lowest percentage (1.4%) of positive results in detection of MBLs was obtained using PCR assay, the highest (72.9%) by double-disc synergy tests with imipenem and EDTA, but the specificity of this method may be low.
6

Heterogeneity of galF and gnd of the cps region for capsule synthesis in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae

84%
Gierczynski R.
Polish Journal of Microbiology
|
2007
|
tom 56
|
nr 2
The capsular polysaccharide (CPS) plays important role in Klebsiella spp pathogenesis. Capsular types Kl and K.2 of Klebsiella pneumoniae are considered most virulent for humans. The capsule biosynthesis region flanking genes galF and gnd from clinical isolates and reference strains of K. pneumoniae were screened for polymorphism. Nucleotide sequence analysis of galF and gnd revealed a high heterogeneity. However, deduced amino acid sequences demonstrated that the majority of mutations were silent implying GalF and Gnd are strongly conserved. This may suggest importance of these loci in the CPS biosynthesis and may argue for their potential usefulness in Klebsiella genotyping.
7

gyrA mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Silesian hospital in Poland

84%
Wydmuch Z., Skowronek-Ciolek O., Cholewa K., Mazurek U., Pacha J., Kepa M., Idzik D., Wojtyczka R. D.
Polish Journal of Microbiology
|
2005
|
tom 54
|
nr 3
Among 73 clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa 48 strains were Ciprofloxacine (CIP) susceptible and 25 CIP resistant (Minimal inhibitory concentration - MIC>32 μg/ml - 14 strains) or of intermediate susceptibility to CIP (MIC≥ 1,5-32 μg/ml - 11 isolates). Mutations in the quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA gene were searched in groups of CIP resistant and of intermediate susceptibility to CIP isolates. Two methods: restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and DNA sequencing analysis allowed to detect three different mutations. The nucleotide substitutions observed led to the following amino acid replacements: Thr-83 —> Ile, Asp-87—>Asn, Asp-87—>Gly. One mutated strain among the group of mutants analyzed showed double mutation (Thr-83—>Ile, Asp-87—>Gly) and additional silent mutation (Val-103—> Val); whilst the rest of the isolates showed different single missense mutations. The most frequently detected mutation in the gyrA gene (16 out of 25 mutants) was the Thr-83—>Ile substitution.
8

Susceptibility pattern of some clinical bacterial isolates to selected antibiotics and disinfectants

84%
Ogbulie J. N., Adieze I. E., Nwankwo N. C.
Polish Journal of Microbiology
|
2008
|
tom 57
|
nr 3
The antibacterial activities of five antibiotics, three brands of Ofloxacins (Obenasin, Floxavid and Drovid) and two brands of Ciprofloxacins (Uroxin and Siprosan), and five commonly used disinfectants (Lysol, Dettol, Purit, Roberts and Wex-cide) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus spp. and Bacillus spp. were investigated. The growth inhibitory effect of both the antibiotics and disinfectants were determined using paper disk diffusion method and well-in-agar technique respectively. The highest mean zone of growth inhibition (19.3 mm) was given by Drovid on Streptococcus spp., while the smallest (7.0 mm) was by Floxavid on P. aeruginosa. Lysol had the highest mean zone of growth inhibition (18.0 mm) on Streptococcus spp. while P. aeruginosa and Bacillus spp. had no zone of growth inhibition with Roberts at 100-fold dilution. All the isolates were also resistant to Wex-cide. The test organisms were found to be significantly susceptible to the routinely used antimicrobials tested. However, there is the need for continuous surveillance for the detection of emerging resistance pattern.
9

Colonization of Bordetella pertussis clinical isolates that differ by pulsed field gel electrophoresis types in the lungs of naıve mice or mice immunized with the whole-cell pertussis vaccine used in Poland

67%
Polak M., Zawadka M., Mosiej E., Rabczenko D., Augustynowicz E., Guiso N., Lutynska A.
Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis
|
2015
|
tom 63
|
nr 2
10

Antimicrobial resistance of Helicobacter pylori clinical strains in the last 10 years

67%
Andrzejewska E., Szkaradkiewicz A., Karpinski T.
Polish Journal of Microbiology
|
2009
|
tom 58
|
nr 4
301-305
In the present work primary antimicrobial resistance was analyzed in clinical H. pylori strain isolates from adult patients from Polish Wielkopolska region within the last 10 years. Drug sensitivity was evaluated in a total of 142 H. pylori isolates, with 66 strains originating from years 1997/1998 forming group 1 and 76 strains isolated in 2007/2008 forming group 2. Sensitivity to amoxicillin, tetracycline, metronidazole and clarithromycin was determined by E-test. All strains were susceptible to amoxicillin and tetracycline. On the other hand, a high proportion of strains resistant to metronidazole was determined (36.4% in group 1 and 44.7% in group 2). In parallel, a growing tendency was discovered for resistance to clarithromycin (9.1% strains resistant in group 1 and 18.4% isolates resistant in group 2). The studies confirm the need for monitoring the drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori strains.
11

Emergence of high-level gentamicin resistance among Enterococci clinical isolates from burn patients in south-west of Iran: vancomycin still working

67%
Labibzadeh M., Kaydani G. A., Savari M., Ekrami A.
Polish Journal of Microbiology
|
2018
|
tom 67
|
nr 4
Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium are among the main agents associated with nosocomial infections with high mortality in immunocompromised patients. Antibiotic resistance, especially against gentamicin and vancomycin among Enterococci, is a risk factor that could increase the morbidity and mortality rate. 179 Enterococci isolates from burn patients were included in this study. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done using the disk diffusion test and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated by agar microdilution. Vancomycin and gentamicin resistance associated genes including vanA, vanB, vanC, aac (6’)-Ie aph(2’’), aph(3’)-IIIa and ant(4’)-Ia were detected by PCR and their statistical relation with antibiotic resistance was evaluated. E. faecalis was the more prevalent strain among our local isolates and showed a higher antibiotic resistance in comparison to E. faecium. Vancomycin had a good antibacterial effect on the Enterococcus spp. isolates; however, resistance to this antibiotic and a high-level gentamicin resistance (HLGR) phenotype were observed. Among van operon genes, vanA was the most prevalent gene and among the gentamicin resistance genes, aph (3’)-IIIa was more frequent. The HLGR Enterococci are a real challenge in nosocomial infections. Vancomycin is a key antibiotic to treat such infections but emergence of VRE in our region could be a real concern and, therefore, phenotypic and molecular surveillance must be considered.
12

A two-step strategy for molecular typing of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Poland

67%
Jagielski T., Augustynowicz-Kopec E., Pawlik K., Dziadek J., Zwolska Z., Bielecki J.
Polish Journal of Microbiology
|
2011
|
tom 60
|
nr 3
Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be one of the most challenging public health problems in the world. An important contributor to the global burden of the disease is the emergence and spread of drug-resistant and particularly multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains (MDR), defined as being resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampicin. In recent years, the introduction of different DNA-based molecular typing methods has substantially improved the knowledge of the epidemiology of TB. The purpose of this study was to employ a combination of two PCR-based genotyping methods, namely spoligotyping and IS6110-Mtb1/Mtb2 PCR to investigate the clonal relatedness of MDR M. tuberculosis clinical isolates recovered from pulmonary TB patients from Poland. Among the 50 isolates examined, 28 (56%) were clustered by spoligotyping, whereas IS6110-Mtb1/Mtb2 PCR resulted in 16 (32%) clustered isolates. The isolates that clustered in both typing methods were assumed to be clonally related. A two-step strategy consisting of spoligotyping as a first-line test, performed on the entire pool of isolates, and IS6110-Mtb1/Mtb2 PCR typing as a confirmatory subtyping method, performed only within spoligotype-defined clusters, is an efficient approach for determining clonal relatedness among M. tuberculosis clinical isolates.
13

Gelatinase-associated phenotypes and genotypes among clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis in Poland

67%
Strzelecki J., Hryniewicz W., Sadowy E.
Polish Journal of Microbiology
|
2011
|
tom 60
|
nr 4
Enterococcus faecalis is an important nosocomial pathogen causing serious invasive infections. One of the virulence factors of this pathogen, gelatinase GelE, is a protease whose gene expression is regulated by the Fsr quorum sensing system. In this study, we used a wellcharacterized collection of 153 clinical E. faecalis isolates to investigate the distribution of genes involved in gelatinase expression. Although 140 isolates (91% of the group) harbored the gelE gene, only 81 isolates (53%) produced active gelatinase. The gelatinase-negative phenotype was found in several unrelated clones, and appeared to be caused by various genetic events. Isolates of the hospital-adapted clonal complex 2 (CC2) and of CC40 were uniformly gelatinase-positive, while all the CC87 isolates contained the 23.9 kb deletion encompassing most of the fsr locus and were gelatinase-negative. No significant differences among isolates of different clinical origin and gelatinase activity or presence of the fsr genes were found with the exception of isolates from cerebrospinal fluid, which were more often gelatinase-positive than colonizing isolates.
14

Aminoglycosides resistance in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus from a University Hospital in Bialystok, Poland

67%
Hauschild T., Sacha P., Wieczorek P., Zalewska M., Kaczynska K., Tryniszewska E.
Folia Histochemica et Cytobiologica
|
2008
|
tom 46
|
nr 2
225-228
15

Study on properties of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli 0157 isolates and their survival under different conditions

67%
Kovalikova M., Pipova M., Kantikova M., Kozarova I., Janosova J., Martonova M., Kovalik M.
Medycyna Weterynaryjna
|
2008
|
tom 64
|
nr 05
During the period of 2004-2006, 955 samples of food and clinical material were collected from the Slovak Republic and Belgium. Of the total number of 216 food samples originating from the Slovakia territory, the authors obtained 5 isolates (2.31%) of Escherichia coli O157. Three E. coli O157 (2.30%) isolates were obtained during the examination of 130 samples of slaughter animals from the Belgium territory. In Slovakia no occurrence of E. coli O157 was proved in any sample of clinical material or environment (altogether 36 samples). On the contrary, of 573 clinical and environmental samples from Belgium the presence of the respective pathogen was proved in 50 cases (8.73%). The authors studied some attributes of the recovered E. coli O157, confirmed by immunomagnetic separation (IMS) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The results indicate that the isolates are capable of surviving for 15 min at 70°C. The acidic environment, which is characteristic for fermentation of cheese (pH 4-4.5), had no devitalisation effect. The E. coli food isolates survived in a wide range of pH (2-11) while with clinical isolates the pH range of survival was from 2.5 to 10.5. The addition of NaCl in concentrations ordinarily used in food industry (3-6%) failed to inhibit the growth of pathogens.
16

Antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter jejuni with reference to plasmid profiles of clinical and chicken isolates

67%
Lekowska-Kochaniak A., Rozynek E., Popowski J.
Acta Microbiologica Polonica
|
1996
|
tom 45
|
nr 3-4
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