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1

Dispersal of Harpalus rufipes [Degeer] [Carabidae] between shelterbelt and cereal field

100%
Kujawa K., Sobczyk D., Kajak A.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2006
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tom 54
|
nr 2
Former studies usually show a positive effect of landscape heterogeneity on different groups of animals occurring in crop fields but some controversies have been discovered. The aim of this study was to answer the question whether the introduction of mid-field tree belts can help to increase numbers of predatory carabids in crop fields. Distance and the direction of movements of individually marked carabids caught in traps in the shelterbelts and in the adjacent crop fields were measured during one week of July (in 2003 and 2004). Pitfall traps (N=360) were placed 2 meters apart in 30 parallel rows which formed a rectangle of 58 × 22 m divided into 5 strips (5 rows in each one). Strip A was located in the shelterbelt, the others (B-E) were placed in the field. Beetles (exclusively – Harpalus rufipes (Degeer, 1774) which predominated in both habitats) after being marked with fast drying paint (non-dissolving in water, not harmful, and using dot code) were released at the same spots where they were caught. Accordingly 1099 and 1683 individuals in both years were marked and the number of recaptured individuals was equal to 259 (24%) and 307 (18%). Proportion of recapture rate for individuals marked in particular strips ranged between 18 and 28%. Mobility of the beetles was similar in both years (15.9 m and 16.5 m; t = 0.59, df = 579, P> 0.5). Individuals marked within the shelterbelt (strip A) were in both years caught much further away (25 and 27 m) than the individuals marked in opposite strip E, located in crop field (15 and 17.5 m). Differences between the distance covered daily by insects marked in the field and in the shelterbelt were statistically significant whereas differences between distances covered within the field by insects marked in particular strips – were not significant. Only 8–9% of insects marked in the shelterbelt (strip A) was recaptured in the same strip while recapture rate for individuals marked in other strips was higher –16 to 32%. The proportion of insects marked in the field (strip B, C, D, E) and recaptured in the shelterbelt was very low (2–11%). The comparison of recapture rates between strips A and B also shows that insects move mostly from the shelterbelt to the field. As much as 30–34% of the insects marked in the shelterbelt were caught in the bordering field. Among the insects marked in the next strip B, adjacent to the shelterbelt, only 10–11% individuals were caught in the shelterbelt. Presented results indicate that dominating direction of the dispersal in the mosaic landscape is from the shelterbelt to the field.
2

Effects of forested strips on spider assemblages in adjacent cereal fields: dispersal activity of spiders

84%
Kajak A.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2007
|
tom 55
|
nr 4
Spiders are important components of agricultural ecosystems as far as they affect markedly the abundance of crop pests. The objective of the study was to determine whether the planting of forested strips (shelterbelts) in agricultural area enhances the biomass of spiders active on soil surface of cereal fields and if the exchange of individuals between these habitats depends on the age of trees. The investigations were carried on in 2000 and repeated in 2003/2004 along transects across young shelterbelts (2–11 years old) – ecotones – fields. In the second period the 150 years old forest strip was included into the study. So altogether in both periods the study was performed in the strip-managed area in forested strips 2, 6, 7, 11, and 150 years old, adjacent cereal fields and in the control field located in a deforested area. The intensity of patrolling (number of individuals captured per trap per day) the soil surface by spiders was investigated using pitfall traps forming lines parallel to the shelterbelt. The results of both investigation periods show, that forested strips increased the biomass of patrolling spiders (BP – biomass of spiders per trap per day) in the fields. It was higher in the fields located in the strip-managed area than in the deforested area by ca 70%. The BP decreased gradually with the increasing distance from the strips. Differences between the strip and the field at a distance of 50m were significant (two-way ANOVA, post hoc Tukey test). The reason for the higher BP in the fields adjacent to forested strips was mainly the dispersal of larger spiders from strips to adjacent fields. Dispersal is high between the very young strip and the field and low between the oldest strip and the field. The group of forestinhabiting species accounted for 0.3–0.5% of the total number of spiders in the field located in deforested area. In the fields adjacent to young shelterbelts this proportion increases with the strips age from 1 to 6%. But in the field bordering the oldest forest strip it is low again and accounted for 1.4%. In this field the proportion of agrobionts is almost as high (94%) as in the field located in deforested area (98%). Similarly the species diversity was very low there. The mean individual body mass of spiders from all the fields located in the strip-managed area was 2.7 times higher than in the control field (P <0.001). It can be concluded, that in the old forest strips the number of specific species, which don’t disperse to surroundings, increases. This conclusion may be important for landscape management.
3

Occurrence of pest species of the genus Oulema [Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae] in cereal fields in Northern Poland

67%
Ulrich W., Czarnecki A., Kruszynski T.
Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Agronomy
|
2004
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tom 07
|
nr 1
The cereal leaf beetles Oulema melanopus L. and Oulema gallaeciana Heyden (Chrysomelidae) are common pests in European and North American cereal fields. Here we report infestation rates by Oulema spp. and yield loss of winter wheat and barley in Northern Poland (1995 to 1997) and show that both Oulema species might be of significant economic importance. Oulema melanopus was in all the three study years more abundant than Oulema gallaeciana. Larval densities ranged from 22 to 26 larvae per 100 stalks for winter wheat and 29 to 36 larvae per 100 stalks for barley. From these data we estimate yield losses of 0.5 to 4% for winter wheat and 3 to 8% for barley. The significant negative correlation between beetle abundances and the hydrothermic index indicates that higher precipitation and/or lower temperature had a negative effect on the activity of O. melanopus and O. gallaeciana.
4
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Carryover effects and amidosulfuron and tribenuron-methyl mixture on yielding of faba bean, sugar beet and winter rape seeded in crop rotation

67%
Adamczewski K., Paradowski A., Krawczyk R.
Journal of Plant Protection Research
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1998
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tom 38
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nr 1
The aim of the experiments was to evaluate the effect of amidosulfuron and tribenuron-methyl used in spring barley on yield of winter rape, horse bean and sugar beet cultivated as rotation crop plants. The field experiments were conducted during two years. They were conducted at the Experimental Station of the Institute for Plant Protection at Winna Góra, and showed that amidosulfuron and tribenuron-methyl used in spring barley do not influence on yield of winter oil seed rape, horse bean and sugar beet cultivated in normal crop rotation.
5

Impact of young shelterbelts on organic matter content and development of microbial and faunal communities of adjacent fields

67%
Karg J., Kajak A., Ryszkowski L.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2003
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tom 51
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nr 3
The paper summarizes results of investigations done in 1999-2000 by 'several authors in Wielkopolska region, (western Poland) near Turew in young midfield shelterbelts and adjacent cereal felds. It was found that the soil organic matter content, as well as microbial and faunal biomass decrease gradually from the shelterbelt toward the field centre. The annual increase of carbon was assessed and possible sources of it (wind erosion, leaf fall, input of invertebrate faeces) considered. The results suggest, that excreta contribute significantly to total carbon input. The shelterbelts influence the biomass, density and composition of many soil and above-ground invertebrate taxa and individual size of animals occurring in bordering fields.
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