Neoplastic diseases are increasingly better known. However, their treatment still proves difficult in both human and veterinary medicine. Commonly used cytostatics have numerous limitations due to their high toxicity, nonspecific distribution and numerous adverse effects. Nanobiotechnology is a new method used in cancer therapy. This paper describes the potential use of nanoparticles in cancer treatment. Owing to their specific ability to act as drug carriers, they can be applied in both active and passive targeting. There are several registered nanoparticle-cytostatic combinations, and many others are undergoing clinical trials. Among others, liposomes and other lipid-based particles, drug-connected polymers, polymer microspheres, micelles and dendrimers are used.
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