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The ATP level and the number of mesophilic bacteria, thermophilic bacteria, moulds and yeasts were examined in different composts prepared from lupine (Lupinus angustifolius cv Mirela). During the first weeks of composting, the mesophiles increased slowly and the thermophile phase follows. After eight weeks of composting the number of thermophiles decreased rapidly and development of mesophilic bacteria and fungi was observed. From five ATP extraction methods, the best results were obtained from Celsis-Lumac extracting mixtures and it was chosen for further experiments. The ATP level increased at the beginning of composting and decreased after 8 weeks of the process. After this time, ATP content began to rise to the achieved maximum during the 12th week of composting. There is no correlation between the number of microorganisms in compost and the ATP level.
Leukemic leukocytes from 12 patients with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and two patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) were isolated by centrifugations in Percoll gradients, and examined for total carbohydrates. In leukemic leukocytes from 10 of these patients ceramide-bound carbohydrates were also determined. Protein-bound carbohydrates were calculated by subtraction of ceramide-bound carbohydrates from total carbohydrates. In all samples analysed the contents of total and protein-bound carbohydrates were much lower in leukemic leukocytes than in normal neutrophils, irrespective whether the results were expressed relative to protein, DNA, cell number or dry mass. For immature leukemic cells of MO-M1 phenotype differences up to 10-fold were observed. Contents of ceramide-bound carbohydrates, i.e. those of neutral and acidic glycosphingolipids (GSLs) were also low in leukemic cells. However, when GSL carbohydrates were calculated as percentage of total carbohydrates, GSLs in leukemic leukocytes were elevated in half of the AML patients but depressed in the other half. The results are discussed in the light of the hypothesis on GSL function by one of us (Kościelak J., 1986, Glycoconjugate J. 3, 95-108). According to one element of the hypothesis, during cell differentiation newly synthesized glycoproteins (GPs) that perform specific functions are added to house-keeping GPs that are present in plasma membranes of all types of cells. Thus, during differentiation, the GP content of the cell membrane should increase and that of the so called "membrane packing" glycosphingolipids should decrease.
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