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Elastase, cathepsin G and azurocidin from human neutrophils are key components of body inflammatory defense. Perturbations in regulation of their activities lead to many serious pathological states. The paper describes a simple, fast and efficient method of joint purification of these proteins with the use of sequential affinity chromatography on squash trypsin inhibitor (CMTI I) and bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor (BPTI).
 In the beginning of the 20th century, enzymes with proteolytic activity were classified as peptidases, Erepsin, and proteases. Among these, pepsin, trypsin, and autolytic enzymes were of the protease class. Spleen-derived proteases were poorly characterized until Sven Gustaf Hedin performed several digestion experiments with bovine spleen. He incubated minced bovine spleen under acidic or neutral conditions and characterized two active proteases; the results were published in 1903. The first protease was named α-protease and was active under neutral conditions. The second was named β-protease and was active under acidic conditions. We replicated Hedin's experiments according to his methods and found, by using activity-based probes to visualize proteases, that the historical α-protease is the present-day serine protease cathepsin G (CatG), which is known to be important in several immune processes, including antigen processing, chemotaxis, and activation of surface receptors. The β-protease, however, comprised different proteases including CatX, B, S, and D. We suggest that Hedin described CatG activity in bovine spleen over 100 years ago.
Two serine proteinase inhibitors (ELTII and ELT1II) have been isolated from mature seeds of Echinocystis lobata by ammonium sulfate fractionation, methanol preci­pitation, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography on immobilized anhydrotrypsin and HPLC. ELTI I and ELTI II consist of 33 and 29 amino-acid residues, respectively. The primary structures of these inhibitors are as follows: ELTI I KEEQRVCPRILMRCKRDSDCLAQCTCQQSGFCG ELTI II RVCPRILMRCKRDSDCLAQCTCQQSGFCG The inhibitors show sequence similarity with the squash inhibitor family. ELTI I differs from ELTI II only by the presence of the NH2-terminal tetrapeptide Lys- -Glu-Glu-Gln. The association constants (Ka) of F.LTI I and ELTI II with bovine-trypsin were determined to be 6.6 x 1010 M -1 and 3.1 x 1011 M -1, whereas the association constants of these inhibitors with cathepsin G were 1.2 x 107 M -1 and 1.1 x 107 M -1, respectively.
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