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1

Identification of vertebrate scavengers of small mammal carcasses in a forested landscape

100%
DeVault T. L., Rhodes O.E.,Jr
Acta Theriologica
|
2002
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tom 47
|
nr 2
We identified vertebrate scavengers of small mammal carcasses at the 780-km2 Savannah River Site during the winter of 2000-2001. Rodent carcasses, differing in size and visual conspicuousness, were placed in upland pine forests and bottomland hard­wood forests during six 2-week periods. Sixty-two of the 96 carcasses (65%) were removed by vertebrates. With the aid of remote photography, we identified 11 species of scavengers removing carcasses. Raccoons Procyon lotor, gray foxes Urocyon cine- reoargenteus, and feral pigs Sus scrofa scavenged most frequently. The mean elapsed time for carcass removal was 5.6 days. The number of carcasses removed by vertebrates did not differ significantly with respect to carcass size, visual conspicuousness, or habitat type; however, air temperature was strongly correlated (positively) with carcass removal. Our study demonstrates that many mammal species are capable of utilizing small carrion items as a food resource, and suggests that scavenging may account for a higher proportion of the diet of some facultative scavengers than is now widely assumed.
2

The degradation of stranded carrion on a Baltic Sea sandy beach

84%
Jedrzejczak M. F.
Oceanological Studies
|
1999
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tom 28
|
nr 3-4
3

Seasonal diets of red foxes in a boreal forest with a dense population of moose: the importance of winter scavenging

67%
Needham R., Odden M., Lundstadsveen S. K., Wegge P.
Acta Theriologica
|
2014
|
tom 59
|
nr 3
In Scandinavia, an increased red fox Vulpes vulpes density during the last decades has been suggested to be caused by direct and indirect human influences on food availability. Recently, attention has been focused on the role of increasing scavenging opportunities due to intensified hunting of ungulates and the reestablishment of large carnivores. In our study, we investigated seasonal and annual variations in diet composition of red fox in Varaldskogen, SE Norway, an area with cyclic voles and a high density of moose Alces alces. Analyses of scats revealed significant differences among seasons in the occurrence of ungulates—mainly moose—and ungulates were the dominating food category during winter (44.9 % of all remains). Snow tracking of red fox (71 km) in winter confirmed the importance of ungulate carcasses, i.e. one case of scavenging per 3 km. The proportions of voles were high during all seasons (11.2–28.8 %); in spite of variation in available abundances, no significant seasonal or annual differences were detected. Other food categories with seasonal variation were birds, berries/seeds and amphibians/reptiles, all more common in snow-free seasons. Our study underlines the importance of ungulate remains during periods when the abundance and diversity of alternative food sources is low. Increased and stabilized populations of red foxes—mediated through remains from hunting and wolf kills from high moose populations—might have an important effect on the population dynamics of small game. Hence, we recommend that this relationship be given attention in future studies.
4

Heleomyzid flies of the Ojcow National Park, with notes on Suillia lineitergum (Pandellé, 1901) – a species new to the fauna of Poland (Diptera: Heleomyzidae)

67%
Woznica A., Klasa A.
Fragmenta Faunistica
|
2009
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tom 52
|
nr 2
There is a faunistic review of 28 species of Heleomyzidae reported in the Ojców National Park (S. Poland). Most heleomyzids were collected at carrion of a fox and in caves. In the Ojców National Park 35% of Polish heleomyzids occur including Suilla lineitergum (Pandellé, 1901) recorded for the first time in Poland.
5

Insect succession on carrion: seasonality, habitat preference and residency of histerid beetles (Coleoptera: Histeridae) visiting pig carrion exposed in various forests (Western Poland)

67%
Bajerlein D., Matuszewski S., Konwerski S.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2011
|
tom 59
|
nr 4
Carrion is an example of ephemeral and patchy microhabitat, rich in organic matter and therefore frequently colonized with a specific and repeated sequence by various arthropods. Beetles of the family Histeridae are a stable component of carrion communities, however their biology and ecology is poorly studied. Succession of insects on decomposing carrion may be used to determine elapsed time since death (so called post-mortem interval, PMI in forensic entomology). Recent studies have shown that some species of histerid beetles are highly useful for this purpose. However it requires detailed information on their biology, phenology and habitat preference. Seasonality, habitat preference and residency on carrion of histerid beetles were analyzed while studying succession of insects on 36 pig carcasses (mean weight = 25.8 kg) in spring, summer and autumn, in pine - oak forest, hornbeam - oak forest, and alder forest (2 carcasses/ forest type/season/year). The experiment was conducted in the Wielkopolska region (Western Poland) in 2006 and 2007. The spring part lasted 88 days in 2006 and 105 days in 2007, the summer part – 49 days in both years and the autumn part – 94 days in 2006 and 105 days in 2007. Among 21 adult species recorded, Saprinus semistriatus (Scriba), Margarinotus striola succicola (Thomson) and Margarinotus brunneus (Fabricius) were the most numerous. Moreover, larvae of Saprinus and Margarinotus were collected. Abundance (numbers per one carcass) of most adult species of Margarinotus was influenced both by the forest type and season whereas abundance of species of Saprinus was influenced only by the season. Most species reached the highest number of adults in spring. Only S. semistriatus was similarly abundant both in spring and summer. Larvae of Margarinotus were most abundant in spring, whereas larvae of Saprinus in summer. The majority of Margarinotus species reached their higher numbers in hornbeam - oak forest. Residency on carrion in adult S. semistriatus had a clear peak of abundance in spring (after 36 days of decomposition) and was shorter than residency in adult M. striola succicola and M. brunneus for which no clear peak was found. We suggest that differences in forest type preferences may result from differences in soil humidity and temperature near the forest floor, whereas differences in residency period on carrion between Margarinotus and Saprinus may be explained by differences in release patterns of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) attracting these genera.
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