Carotenoids play an integral and essential role in photosynthesis and photoprotection in plants. They are isoprenoid pigments that also function as precursors of the plant growth hormone - abscisic acid (ABA) or components of flavor, colorants and nutraceuticals. Carotenogenesis (carotenoid biosynthesis) and its regulation have been studied in many plant species. The cloning and characterization of plant carotenogenic genes has provided new gene resources and molecular tools which are used to attain a new level of molecular understanding of carotenoid biochemistry and genetics. The knowledge can also be utilized to optimize carotenoids accumulation in crop plant.
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