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Age-related circadian variations of cardiac and respiratory components of the carotid baroreflex in humans

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Klawe J. J., Tawil-Klawe M., Sikorski W., Szajnoch W., Jeske K.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
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2004
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tom 55
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nr 3
83-88
Our previous studies indicated the presence of a respiratory effector of carotid baroreceptor activation: the respiratory resistance. A brief decrease in respiratory resistance was observed in response to carotid baroreceptor activation. In the course of aging we found a decrease in the heart response to carotid baroreceptor activation and disappearance of the respiratory response. The aim of the present study was to determine whether the circadian variations of baroreflex sensitivity, as related to aging, are attributable to changes in cardiovascular and respiratory control in the elderly. We evaluated the cardiac responses and the reflex changes of the respiratory resistance to carotid baroreceptor activation every two hours in: 12 healthy male subjects aged 20-38 years, 6 male subjects aged 20-38 years and 6 male subjects aged 70-80 years. Two neck-chambers were used to produce a brief suction, applied to carotid sinus regions, activating the carotid baroreceptor. We found that the circadian courses of the cardiac and respiratory responses to baroreceptor activation were shifted down in the older groups of subjects, as compared with the younger ones. In the 50-80-year old subjects no respiratory response to carotid baroreceptor stimulation was observed. We further found that the impaired carotid baroreflex control of heart function and of respiratory resistance, observed in older subjects, reached a minimum between 3.00 and 7.00 hours in the morning. We conclude that this period is a risk time for the occurrence of cardiac disorders, especially for cardiac arrhythmias, and it is also the time of impaired reflex control of respiratory resistance.
2
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Repetitive apneas reduce nonlinear dynamical complexity of the human cardiovascular control system

100%
Trzebski A., Smietanowski M., Zebrowski J.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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2001
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tom 52
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nr 1
3

Pre-sympathetic neurones in the rostral ventrolateral medulla of the rat: electrophysiology, morphology and relationship to adjacent neuronal groups

80%
Lipski J., Kanjhan R., Kruszewska B., Rong W. F., Smith M.
Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis
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1996
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tom 56
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nr 1
4
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Neuropeptides in neurogenic disorders of the cardiovascular control

70%
Szczepanska-Sadowska E.
Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology. Supplement
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2006
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tom 57
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nr 11
31-53
Growing number of studies reveal that the brain neural network plays significant role in the short-term and long-term regulation of the cardiovascular functions. The neurons involved in the complex neurogenic control of the cardiovascular system use classical neurotransmitters and nonconventional mediators such as peptides (angiotensin II, vasopressin, natriuretic peptides, endothelins, opioids, cytokines), steroids, ouabaine-like factors and gaseous compounds. Among them the neuropeptides form a group of substances arising significant interest. Thanks to wide distribution of peptidergic neurons in the central nervous system, location of peptide receptors on neurons and glial cells, versatile but frequently overlapping mechanisms of activation of the intracellular processes the neuropeptides play significant role in short-term and long-term regulation of excitability and remodeling of the neurons. In several instances they modulate effects of the classical transmitting systems involved in regulation blood pressure, heart rate, water-electrolyte balance, metabolism, stress, pain, mood and memory. Prolonged activation or inhibition of specific neuropeptide pathways frequently results in long-lasting disorders of several regulatory systems. In this review this is exemplified by overactivity of angiotensin II, vasopressin and cytokines in the brain during hypertension, heart failure and stress. Multifarious actions of angiotensin II and vasopressin, and their mutual interaction with cytokines make of these neuropeptides excellent candidates for the compounds responsible for long-term resetting of the central cardiovascular control, and forming a link between the cardiovascular diseases, stress and mood disorders.
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